Retraction Policy

Applied Information System and Management (AISM) is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. This policy sets out the basis, authority, and procedure for retracting published articles, issuing expressions of concern, and withdrawing manuscripts, in line with the COPE Retraction Guidelines and the accreditation standards for scientific journals in Indonesia. Corrections of errors are covered by the Erratum and Corrigendum policy.

Types of Action

Action	Applies to	When
Correction	Published article	Part of the article is misleading, but the main findings and conclusions remain reliable. See Erratum and Corrigendum.
Expression of concern	Published article	Evidence of a serious problem is inconclusive, or an investigation is under way and will take time.
Retraction	Published article	Academic misconduct or a serious error makes the data, findings, or conclusions unreliable.
Withdrawal	Manuscript not yet published	The authors or the journal stop the processing of a manuscript before it is published.

Grounds for Retraction

An article is retracted when there is clear evidence that:

• the findings are unreliable because of misconduct, such as data fabrication or falsification, or because of a major honest error, such as a miscalculation or experimental error;
• it contains plagiarism, including substantial self-plagiarism (see Plagiarism Policy);
• the findings have been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (redundant or duplicate publication);
• it reports research conducted without the required ethics approval or informed consent, or otherwise unethical research;
• it contains material or data used without authorization, or infringes copyright or another serious legal right;
• it was published as a result of a compromised or manipulated peer review process; or
• the authors failed to disclose a conflict of interest that, in the editors' view, would have affected the interpretation of the work.

Retraction is usually not appropriate when the main findings remain reliable and a correction is sufficient, when only an authorship dispute exists with no reason to doubt the findings, or when the evidence is inconclusive; in the last case an expression of concern may be issued.

Authority

• Anyone may raise a concern about a published article with the Editor in Chief, as described in the Research Misconduct policy. Authors may also request the retraction of their own article.
• The decision to retract or to issue an expression of concern is made by the Editor in Chief, after consulting the handling editor, reviewers, or independent experts as needed. If the Editor in Chief has a conflict of interest, the decision is made by another senior editor without a conflict.
• The publisher is informed of every retraction. The journal does not retract an article solely at the request of a third party without evidence.

Procedure

1. The concern is examined and the evidence is assessed.
2. The authors are informed and given an opportunity to respond; where the authors' institution must investigate, the journal asks it to do so.
3. The Editor in Chief decides on the action and records the reasons.
4. The authors are informed of the decision before the notice is published. Agreement from the authors is sought but is not required.
5. A retraction notice is published, the article is marked, and the DOI record and metadata are updated.

Retraction Notice

Every retraction notice:

• is published promptly as a separate, openly accessible item in the next issue, with its own DOI;
• is titled "Retraction: [title of the article]" and cites the retracted article, its authors, and its DOI;
• states the reason for the retraction, objectively and without inflammatory language;
• states who decided the retraction and whether the authors agreed; and
• is linked in both directions with the retracted article.

Marking the Retracted Article

• The retracted article is not deleted from the website or the archive.
• The article page, the title, and every page of the PDF are clearly marked "RETRACTED", with a link to the retraction notice.
• The DOI record at Crossref and the article metadata are updated to show the retraction, so that indexing services also record it.

An article is removed from the website only in exceptional legal cases, such as defamation, a court order, or a serious risk to health. Its bibliographic information and a notice explaining the removal then remain online.

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern is published in the same way as a retraction notice and linked to the article. It is replaced by a retraction, a correction, or a statement that the concern has been resolved once the investigation is complete.

Withdrawal of Manuscripts

• By the authors: authors may withdraw a manuscript before acceptance by sending a written request from the corresponding author, signed or confirmed by all authors, explaining the reason. Withdrawal after acceptance is allowed only for serious reasons, such as a major error found by the authors, and requires the approval of the Editor in Chief.
• Multiple submission: a manuscript may not be submitted to another journal until its withdrawal from AISM has been confirmed in writing.
• By the journal: the journal withdraws a manuscript from the review process if misconduct is found before publication.
• Article in Press: an article that has been made available online as an Article in Press is treated as published, and is retracted, not withdrawn, if necessary.

Self-Correction

Authors who discover a serious error in their own published article are encouraged to contact the Editor in Chief promptly. Voluntary, timely, and transparent retraction or correction is taken into account in the journal's handling of the case.