Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest (also called a competing interest) exists when a person's judgment about a manuscript could be influenced, or could reasonably be seen to be influenced, by financial, personal, professional, or institutional considerations. Having a conflict of interest is not in itself wrong; failing to disclose and manage it is. This policy explains how Applied Information System and Management (AISM) requires authors, reviewers, and editors to disclose and manage conflicts of interest, in line with the COPE guidelines and the accreditation standards for scientific journals in Indonesia.

Types of Conflict of Interest

Financial	Employment, consultancy, funding, grants, honoraria, shares, patents, or paid expert work related to the research, including by a company whose product, system, or service is studied.
Personal	Close relationships, family ties, or personal disagreements with an author, reviewer, or editor.
Academic and professional	Recent collaboration or co-authorship (within the last three years), a supervisor–student relationship, the same institution, or direct academic competition.
Institutional	The interests of an author's or editor's institution, including research on that institution's own information systems or organization.
Other	Political, religious, or ideological interests that could affect objectivity.

Authors

• All authors disclose any financial or non-financial interest that could be seen to influence the research, its results, or its interpretation.
• All sources of funding for the research and for the article, including grant numbers, are stated in the Funding Statement. The role of the funder in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or writing must be described.
• Authors who study a system, product, or organization with which they are affiliated, or that they developed, state this relationship.
• Authors may ask that specific people not review their manuscript, giving a reason. The editor considers, but is not bound by, the request.

Mandatory Declaration in Every Article

Every article published in AISM contains a Conflict of Interest Statement in the declarations section before the References, stating whether or not any conflict exists. A related Funding Statement is also included in every article.

Reviewers

Reviewers decline an invitation, or inform the editor immediately, if they:

• work at the same institution as any author, or have collaborated or co-authored with any author in the last three years;
• have a supervisory, family, or close personal relationship with any author;
• have a financial interest in the outcome of the work, or are working on closely competing research; or
• feel unable to give an objective assessment for any other reason.

Reviewers may not use information from a manuscript under review for their own benefit. Details are given in the Peer Review Process.

Editors

• Editors do not handle manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest, including manuscripts from their own close collaborators, students, or family members. Such manuscripts are assigned to another editor, and the conflicted editor has no access to the review records.
• If the Editor in Chief has a conflict, the decision is delegated to another senior editor.
• Manuscripts submitted by members of the editorial team follow the regular double-blind review, are handled by an editor without a conflict, and are decided without the author's involvement. Each editorial team member may publish at most one article per year in AISM.
• Manuscripts from authors at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, the journal's publisher, are reviewed by reviewers from other institutions.

Publisher

Editorial decisions are free from inappropriate influence by the publisher, the university, collaboration partners, funders, advertisers, or service providers. Payment of the publication fee has no effect on any decision. See Ownership and Management.

Undisclosed Conflicts

Producing work intended to benefit or harm a particular party, or failing to disclose a relevant conflict, is regarded as a breach of academic integrity. If an undisclosed conflict is found before publication, the editors may request a correction of the statement, re-review the manuscript, or decline it. After publication, the journal may publish a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction, depending on whether the conflict affected the interpretation of the work. Cases are handled according to the Research Misconduct policy and the COPE flowcharts.

Related policies: Publication Ethics, Authorship Criteria, and Generative AI Policy.