Parents' Conceptions of Islamic Religious Education for Indonesian Early Childhood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v12i2.51595Keywords:
early childhood education, Islamic religious education, Muslim parents, moral formation, habituation, IndonesiaAbstract
Abstract
This study examines how Indonesian Muslim parents conceptualize Islamic religious education for young children. Although early childhood Islamic education is widely valued in Indonesia, less is known about how parents themselves define its aims, appropriate starting age, core content, and pedagogical form. The study draws on 35 written interview responses from parents living in six Indonesian provinces: Banten, Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), East Java, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and West Java. Using reflexive thematic analysis, the responses were read in Indonesian, coded inductively, and organized into themes that connect parental language with educational interpretation. The findings show that parents do not imagine Islamic religious education as a narrow subject or a set of isolated religious facts. They describe it as an early foundation for moral life, faith orientation, ritual familiarity, and everyday character formation. Parents believe religious education should begin early, often from infancy or the preschool years, because young children imitate adults, absorb routines, and learn through repeated practice. The parent-imagined curriculum includes knowing God, daily prayers, basic ritual practices, Qur'anic literacy, prophetic stories, and everyday moral etiquette. The preferred pedagogy is relational and gentle: modeling, practice, storytelling, singing, play, visual media, and patient repetition. The study contributes to Islamic education and early childhood education by conceptualizing parents’ views as an integrated model of faith formation, moral habituation, ritual practice, and developmentally appropriate pedagogy.
Abstrak
Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana orang tua Muslim Indonesia mengonseptualisasikan pendidikan agama Islam bagi anak usia dini. Meskipun pendidikan Islam pada anak usia dini sangat dihargai di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diketahui bagaimana orang tua sendiri mendefinisikan tujuan, usia awal yang tepat, materi inti, dan bentuk pedagogis pendidikan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 35 respons wawancara tertulis dari orang tua yang tinggal di enam provinsi di Indonesia, yaitu Banten, Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), Jawa Timur, Sumatra Selatan, Kalimantan Barat, dan Jawa Barat. Dengan menggunakan analisis tematik refleksif, respons dibaca dalam bahasa Indonesia, dikodekan secara induktif, dan diorganisasikan ke dalam tema-tema yang menghubungkan bahasa orang tua dengan interpretasi pendidikan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa orang tua tidak memandang pendidikan agama Islam sebagai mata pelajaran yang sempit atau sekumpulan fakta keagamaan yang terpisah. Mereka menggambarkannya sebagai fondasi awal bagi kehidupan moral, orientasi keimanan, pengenalan praktik ibadah, dan pembentukan karakter sehari-hari. Orang tua meyakini bahwa pendidikan agama sebaiknya dimulai sejak dini, sering kali sejak masa bayi atau usia prasekolah, karena anak usia dini meniru orang dewasa, menyerap rutinitas, dan belajar melalui praktik yang berulang. Kurikulum yang dibayangkan oleh orang tua mencakup pengenalan kepada Tuhan, doa sehari-hari, praktik ibadah dasar, literasi Al-Qur’an, kisah-kisah nabi, dan adab moral dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pendekatan pedagogis yang lebih disukai bersifat relasional dan lembut, meliputi keteladanan, praktik, bercerita, bernyanyi, bermain, penggunaan media visual, dan pengulangan yang sabar. Studi ini berkontribusi pada kajian pendidikan Islam dan pendidikan anak usia dini dengan mengonseptualisasikan pandangan orang tua sebagai model terpadu pembentukan iman, pembiasaan moral, praktik ibadah, dan pedagogi yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan anak.
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