MENAKLUKKAN PUNCAK, MERUNTUHKAN STEREOTIP: KONSTRUKSI GENDER ALPINIS PEREMPUAN

Authors

  • Mariska Ainur Rosyida Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia
  • fionna christabella Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v22i1.53287

Keywords:

gender construction, professionalism, risk management, women alpinists , alpinis perempuan, konstruksi gender, manajemen risiko, profesionalisme

Abstract

Abstract. This study examines how four experienced Indonesian women alpinists negotiate gendered expectations through professional legitimacy and risk-management practices. It asks how courage, caution, competence, and authority are interpreted in a field historically associated with masculinity. The study uses an interpretive qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured online interviews conducted from February to March 2026. Interview transcripts were examined through abductive thematic analysis. Oakley’s view of gender as a social construction guided the interpretation, while House and Johnston’s account of training and decision-making in alpinism served as a practical reference. Three related patterns were identified. First, the participants distinguished courage from recklessness and linked it to knowledge. Second, they built legitimacy through field performance and technical preparation. Ethical consistency and selective use of social media also supported this process. Third, they treated risk management as an iterative practice. It covered hazard identification and assessment. It also included decision-making, mitigation, and post-expedition evaluation. These findings do not indicate that women are inherently more cautious. Instead, the participants reworked a gendered label of caution into an account of professional judgment. The study shows how gender, professional experience, and communication practices intersect in Indonesian mountaineering.

 

Abstrak. Penelitian ini mengkaji cara empat alpinis perempuan berpengalaman di Indonesia menegosiasikan harapan gender melalui legitimasi profesional dan praktik manajemen risiko. Penelitian berfokus pada pemaknaan keberanian, kehati-hatian, kompetensi, dan otoritas dalam ruang yang secara historis diasosiasikan dengan maskulinitas. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif interpretatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara daring semi-terstruktur pada Februari–Maret 2026. Transkrip wawancara dianalisis dengan analisis tematik abduktif. Pandangan Oakley mengenai gender sebagai konstruksi sosial digunakan untuk menafsirkan pengalaman informan. Uraian House dan Johnston tentang latihan serta pengambilan keputusan dalam alpinisme digunakan sebagai rujukan praktis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tiga pola yang saling berhubungan. Pertama, informan membedakan keberanian dari tindakan nekat dan mengaitkannya dengan pengetahuan. Kedua, mereka membangun legitimasi melalui performa lapangan dan persiapan teknis. Konsistensi etis serta penggunaan media sosial secara selektif juga mendukung proses tersebut. Ketiga, mereka menjalankan manajemen risiko sebagai proses berulang. Proses itu meliputi identifikasi bahaya dan penilaian. Pengambilan keputusan, mitigasi, dan evaluasi pascapendakian menjadi tahap berikutnya. Temuan ini tidak menunjukkan bahwa perempuan secara alamiah lebih berhati-hati. Keempat informan justru mengubah label gender tentang kehati-hatian menjadi pertimbangan profesional. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan pertemuan antara gender, pengalaman profesional, dan praktik komunikasi dalam pendakian gunung di Indonesia.

 

References

Apollo, M., Mostowska, J., Legut, A., Maciuk, K., & Timothy, D. J. (2023). Gender differences in competitive adventure sports tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100604

Apriliandra, S., & Krisnani, H. (2021). Perilaku diskriminatif pada perempuan akibat kuatnya budaya patriarki di Indonesia ditinjau dari perspektif konflik. Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v3i1.31968

Ardiningrum, I., & Jannah, M. (2022). Hubungan antara mental toughness dengan risk taking behavior pada pendaki gunung. MEDIKORA, 21(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v21i1.47635

Berliana, B., Hamzah, A., & Simbolon, M. (2021). Gender issue in masculine sports in Indonesia: A case study. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 9(1), e941. https://doi.org/10.29252/aassjournal.941

Blanch, A., & Martínez, A. (2025). Risk taking and accidents in adventure sports across males and females. International Journal of Psychology, 60(2), e70023. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.70023

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE.

Evans, K., Schmalz, D. L., & Mader, S. C. (2023). Leave tracks: Gender, discrimination, and resistance in mountaineering. In J. Hall, E. Boocock, & Z. Avner (Eds.), Gender, politics and change in mountaineering: Moving mountains (pp. 187–205). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29945-2_11

Fraser, K. K., & Kochanek, J. (2023). What place does elite sport have for women? A scoping review of constraints. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1121676. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1121676

Galiakbarov, Y., Mazbayev, O., Onayeva, B., Bolatova, B., Filimonau, V., & Sezerel, H. (2025). Conquering heights, challenging norms: The motives and experiences of elite female climbers in a patriarchal society. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2487677

Gasser, B., & Haensli, L. (2024). Do female mountaineers take lower risks while high-altitude mountaineering? An intersex analysis from the Swiss Alps. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2418894. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2418894

Hall, J., & Brown, K. M. (2022). Creating feelings of inclusion in adventure tourism: Lessons from the gendered sensory and affective politics of professional mountaineering. Annals of Tourism Research, 97, 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103505

House, S., & Johnston, S. (2014). Training for the new alpinism: A manual for the climber as athlete. Patagonia Books.

Kennedy, J. (2023). Men’s perspectives on gender relations in the outdoor education field: Furthering the case for a hybrid masculinity. Journal of Experiential Education, 46(4), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259231153041

Malterud, K., Siersma, V. D., & Guassora, A. D. (2016). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1753–1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Oakley, A. (2005). The Ann Oakley reader: Gender, women and social science. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.56687/9781447342434

Pegoraro, A., & Taylor, T. (2021). Editorial: Women’s professional sport: Understanding distinctiveness. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 806247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.806247

Tilstra, E., Magnuson, D., Harper, N. J., & Lepp, A. (2022). Gender and risk in outdoor adventure education. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 25(2), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42322-022-00098-x

Tulle, E. (2022). Rising to the gender challenge in Scotland: Women’s embodiment of the disposition to be mountaineers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(8), 1301–1320. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902221078748

Zani, Y., Barlian, E., & Padli. (2023). Mempelajari peran sosial wanita dalam olahraga dengan kontroversi citra patriarki di masyarakat. Journal Sport Science Indonesia, 2(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.31258/jassi.2.2.128-138

Downloads

Published

2026-06-28

How to Cite

MENAKLUKKAN PUNCAK, MERUNTUHKAN STEREOTIP: KONSTRUKSI GENDER ALPINIS PEREMPUAN. (2026). Jurnal Harkat : Media Komunikasi Gender, 22(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v22i1.53287