Islamic Education 4.0: Rethinking Moral and Religious Learning for a Socially Conscious Generation

Velly Sanzi; Arif Rahman; Abeer Alharbi; Naila Awan

doi:10.15408/tjems.v12i1.46161

Islamic Education 4.0: Rethinking Moral and Religious Learning for a Socially Conscious Generation

Velly Sanzi, Arif Rahman, Abeer Alharbi, Naila Awan

Abstract

Abstract

Islamic Education 4.0 represents a critical response to the challenges and opportunities brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study fills a research gap in the comparative analysis of Islamic education systems by examining how Indonesia, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia integrate digital technology within their educational systems. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes 63 scholarly sources published between 2019 and 2025. The results indicate that Malaysia is making progress with structured digital policies and student-centered pedagogy, while Saudi Arabia is leading in artificial intelligence (AI) integration through its Vision 2030 initiative; in contrast, Indonesia continues to face challenges related to infrastructure, digital literacy, and policy implementation. This study suggests a step-by-step plan to improve Islamic education in Indonesia by focusing on building ethical digital skills, updating teaching methods, and preparing institutions better. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic Education 4.0 by providing a contextual strategic guide to harmonize technological adaptation with Islamic ethical values in today’s digital era.

Abstrak

Pendidikan Islam 4.0 merupakan respons kritis terhadap tantangan dan peluang yang dibawa oleh Revolusi Industri Keempat. Studi ini mengisi kesenjangan penelitian dalam analisis komparatif sistem pendidikan Islam dengan mengkaji bagaimana Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Arab Saudi mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dalam sistem pendidikan mereka. Dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, studi ini menganalisis 63 sumber ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2019 hingga 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Malaysia mengalami kemajuan melalui kebijakan digital yang terstruktur dan pendekatan pedagogi yang berpusat pada siswa, sementara Arab Saudi memimpin dalam integrasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) melalui inisiatif Vision 2030. Sebaliknya, Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan yang berkaitan dengan infrastruktur, literasi digital, dan implementasi kebijakan. Studi ini mengusulkan rencana bertahap untuk meningkatkan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia dengan menekankan pada pembangunan keterampilan digital yang etis, pembaruan metode pengajaran, dan peningkatan kesiapan institusi. Studi ini berkontribusi pada wacana Pendidikan Islam 4.0 dengan menyediakan panduan strategis kontekstual untuk menyelaraskan adaptasi teknologi dengan nilai-nilai etika Islam di era digital saat ini.

How to Cite: Sanzi, V, Rahman, A., Alharbi, A., & Awan, N. (2025). Islamic Education 4.0: Rethinking Moral and Religious Learning for a Socially Conscious Generation. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 12(1), 39-62. doi:10.15408/tjems.v12i1.46161.

Keywords

Islamic Education 4.0; educational technology; Maqasid al-Shariah; digital literacy; AI in education; Muslim countries; pendidikan Islam 4.0; teknologi pendidikan; Maqasid al-Shariah; literasi digital; kecerdasan buatan dalam pendidikan; negara-negara Mus

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abrar, M. (2020). Karakteristik dan Kesenjangan Spasial Pengguna Internet, E-Commerce, serta E-Banking di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi, 23(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.20422/jpk.v23i1.684

Adnan, M. (2022). Islamic Education and Character Building in The 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v5i1.1771

Akrim, A. (2022). A New Direction of Islamic Education in Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(01), 35. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v11i01.1799

Al-Mwzaiji, K. N. A., & Muhammad, A. A. S. (2023). EFL Learning and Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia: A Critical Perspective. World Journal of English Language, 13(2), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p435

Alammash, S. A., Guo, S., & Vinnikova, A. (2021). Saudi Arabia and the Heart of Islam in Vision 2030: Impact on International Relations. Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing, 2(2), 0–17. http://www.ajsp.net

Aldossari, A. S. (2020). Vision 2030 and reducing the stigma of vocational and technical training among Saudi Arabian students. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-020-00089-6

Alharbi, A., Almazroei, N., Alfaleh, R., Alsubaie, S., Almutairi, M., & Alruwibkh, Y. (2024). Fostering Early English Education in Saudi Arabia: A Pathway to Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in Education. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(5), 550–563. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i5.7107

Alzahrani, A. (2025). A systematic review of the use of information communication technology, including augmented reality, in the teaching of science to preschool children. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 9(January), 100453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100453

Aminullah, A. (2021). Kajian Faktor Kendala Sistem Pembelajaran E-Learning. Ganec Swara, 15(2), 1100. https://doi.org/10.35327/gara.v15i2.223

Azman, N. A., Hamza, M. I., & Razak, K. A. (2024). Exploring The Impact of Digital Technology Transformation in Islamic Education: The Islamic Education Teachers Perspective Nor. Joernal of Socisl Scinces and Humanities, 15(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.18

Benaida, M., Shaheen Youseef, A. R. Bin, & Khalifa, S. (2025). A Hybrid Approach to Raising Digital Literacy among Adolescents in KSA Using a Mobile Application Mohamed. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 17(15), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i05.52739

Busyroni Majid. (2022). Optimalisasi Madrasah Digital melalui Implementasi Transformasi Digital di MTs Negeri 5 Sleman. Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah, 7(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2022.72.01

Damayanti, A. A., Priharsari, D., & Tibyani, T. (2021). Analisis Kualitatif Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Bisnis Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Jurnal Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer, 5(8), 3316–3323. http://j-ptiik.ub.ac.idfakultas

Dermawan, H. (2024). Peran Media Sosial dalam Pembentukan Narasi Islam di Dunia Digital. Andragogia: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Studies Islamic, 1(1), 21–30. https://ejournal.umbandung.ac.id/index.php/andragogia

Dina, S. (2023). Superior Islamic Education Reform Through Ai Digital Transformation Bridge: Opportunity or Challenge? Proceedings of Imam Bonjol International Conference, 2020, 445–458. https://ibicie.uinib.ac.id/index.php/ibicie/article/view/86

Dwiyama, F., & Wirayama, A. (2025). Madrasah 5 . 0 : Sinergi Nilai Islam , Kecerdasan Buatan , dan Manajemen Partisipatif. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 2(April), 1–10. https://jurnal.staialgazalibone.ac.id/index.php/sipakatau/issue/current

Eraku, S. S., Baruadi, M. K., Anantadjaya, S. P., Fadjarajani, S., Supriatna, U., & Arifin, A. (2021). Digital Literacy and Educators of Islamic Education. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(01), 569. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v10i01.1533

Esfandiari, M., Sciacca, B., Feijóo, S., Laffan, D. A., Milosevic, T., O’Toole, C., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2025). Trends in digital technologies to address children’s online safety education: A systematic scoping review. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 9(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100462

Hadi, A., Anim, S., & Yasin, H. (2024). Integration of Islamic Principles and Modern Educational Theories in Islamic Education. 16(2), 1385–1398. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.6105

Haidir, H., Arizki, M., & Fariz, M. (2021). An Innovation of Islamic Religious Education in The Era of The Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Elementary School. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(3), 720–734. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i3.1688

Hasfi, N. H., Gono, J. N., & Rakhmad, W. N. (2020). Internet Access and the Potential in Facilitating Online Political Communication of Disabled. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 5(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i1.468

Hirzulloh, M. F., & Annadhif, T. A. (2024). Islamic Education in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the Utilization of Digital Technology in the Teaching and Learning Process. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 9(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v9i2.2778

Huda, M., & Dewantara, M. I. (2024). Ar-Fahruddin : Journal of Islamic Education. 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.7401/j19t2q81

Hulu, Y. (2023). Problematika Guru Dalam Pengembangan Teknologi dan Media Pembelajaran. ANTHOR: Education and Learning Journal, 2(6), 840–846. https://doi.org/10.31004/anthor.v2i6.285

Hussein, M. H., Ow, S. H., Al-Azawei, A., & Ibrahim, I. (2022). What drives students’ successful reuse of online learning in higher education? A case of Google Classroom. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 38(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7335

Irfan, I., & Sain, Z. H. (2024). The Crucial Role of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping Children’s Character: Psychological and Spiritual Review. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 16(1), 383–392. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i1.4902

Jamaludin, J. (2021). Pembelajaran Daring Dengan Keterbatasan Akses Internet di Pelosok Desa Era Covid-19 (Studi Kasus SMK Telkom Medan). PaKMas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.54259/pakmas.v1i2.57

Khotimah, H., Mislaini, Marni, D., Jl, A., Mahmud, P., Lubuk, Y., Kuranji, K., Padang, K., & Barat, S. (2025). Perkembangan Sistem Pendidikan di Saudia Arabia. Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, Dan Sosial Humaniora, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v2i4.1157

Kurniawan, R. A., & Ghany, S. Z. A. (2023). Efek Digitalisasi Pada Kehidupan Masyarakat Arab Saudi Era Raja Salman. Prosiding Multaqa Nasional Bahasa Arab 9MUNASAB) Program Studi Bahasa Dan Kebudayaan Arab Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, 71–82. http://www.munasbauai.com/index.php/mnba/article/download/183/145

Kusumah, A. F., Bariyah, O., & Ramdhani, K. (2021). Penggunaan Google Classroom oleh Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemic Covid 19. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(5), 2874–2885. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i5.1011

Mahmud, A. H., Haris, A., & Hilmi, M. (2023). Innovation in Islamic Education in the Digital 4.0 Era in Learning Media Al Qur’an at High School Khadijah Surabaya. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, 2(10), 1595–1606. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v2i10.6599

Maisyanah, Rahman, A., Kholis, N., & Bakar, M. Y. A. (2024). Living Qur ’ an Approach to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Islamic Religious Education Learning. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE, 8(4), 2657–1781. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i4.7

Mas’ud, A., Fuad, A. Z., & Zaini, A. (2019). Evolution and orientation of Islamic education in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.1.21-49

Maulana, I. (2020). Islamic Education in Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era: Considering Fazlur Rahman’s Thought about Islamic Education Modernization. Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam, 7(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.19105/islamuna.v7i1.3012

Mughal, M. J., & Ibrahin, H. B. (2021). Islamic Education in Malaysia : A Critical Analysis of Its Evolution and Relevance. Al-Qalam, 26(1), 261–281. http://irep.iium.edu.my/93117/

Munastiwi, E., & Marfuah, M. (2019). Islamic Education in Indonesia and Malaysia: Comparison of Islamic Education Learning Management Implementation. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2019.81.1-26

Mursidin, M. (2023). Shaping Future Leaders: How Technology is Transforming Islamic Education in The Digital Age. AT-TURATS, 17(2), 156–163. https://doi.org/10.24260/at-turats.v17i2.2785 AT-TURATS

Musaed, S., Saiari, H. Al, Aisyah, S., Samudin, B., Samah, M., & Mahyoub, A. A. (2025). Advancements in Artificial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia : A Critical Analysis of Current Realities and Future Prospects. 15(2), 210–222. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i2/24554

Muslim. (2024). Internalizing Digital Technology in Islam Education. SCAFFOLDING: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multilultural, 6(3), 180–197. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v6i3.6309

Mustofa, R. H., Kuncoro, T. G., Atmono, D., Hermawan, H. D., & Sukirman. (2025). Extending the technology acceptance model: The role of subjective norms, ethics, and trust in AI tool adoption among students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8(February), 100379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100379

Muttaqin, Z. (2024). Efektivitas Penggunaan Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam: Studi Kasus Impementasi Platform E-Learning. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 18(3), 2153. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v18i3.3435

Nasution, Y. (2024). Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran PAI. JITK, 2(2), 336–344. https://ejournal.edutechjaya.com/index.php/jitk

Nikolic, S., Wentworth, I., Sheridan, L., Moss, S., Duursma, E., Jones, R. A., Ros, M., & Middleton, R. (2024). A systematic literature review of attitudes, intentions and behaviours of teaching academics pertaining to AI and generative AI (GenAI) in higher education: An analysis of GenAI adoption using the UTAUT framework. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 40(6), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.9643

Nordin, A. S. M., Alias, B. S., & Mahamod, Z. (2023). Pendigitalan Pendidikan. Jurnal Penyelidikan Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Malaysia (JPPTM), 1(1), 289–296. https://www.jppt.my

Nuryanti, Helmiati, & Nazir, M. (2024). PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI PILAR MEWUJUDKAN VISI ARAB SAUDI 2030 Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau , Indonesia PENDAHULUAN Visi 2030 Arab Saudi merupakan salah satu inisiatif strategis paling ambisius di Timur Tengah yang bertujuan untuk mendivers. 13(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.55403/hikmah.v13i2.846 P-ISSN:

Osman, S. F., Embong, W. H. W., & Inda, A. (2020). Critical thinking skills of islamic education teachers, and its challenges in enhancing 21st century learning skills. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 2000–2008. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR201770

Panggabean, E. M., & Silalahi, A. D. K. (2025). How do ChatGPT’s benefit–risk-coping paradoxes impact higher education in Taiwan and Indonesia? Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8(April), 100412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100412

Perwitasari, D. A., Lolita, & Candradewi, S. F. (2014). Farmakoepidemiologi (E. Warsidi (ed.)). PT Kaizen Media Publishing. https://kaizenpublisher.co.id/portfolio/view/103

Rahman, A. (2016). Islamic Education in the Era of Technological Wave: A Case in Indonesia Today. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.51425/icie.vi.14

Rahman, A. (2019). PENDIDIKAN ISLAM Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 (A. Rahman (ed.)). Komojoyo Press. https://osf.io/preprints/osf/8xwp6_v1

Rahman, A., Mohd Pisol, M. I., Sari, M. N., & Nuryana, Z. (2024). Madrasah Education Quality Reform: Improving Teacher Quality post Pandemic in Indonesia. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.3899

Randa, M., & Arsyam, M. (2023). Transformation of Islamic Religious Education in the Revolution 4.0 Era. International Journal of Science and Society, 4(4), 676–686. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i4.616

Rukin. (2021). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUALITATIF EDISI REVISI (A. Rofiq (ed.)). CV. Jakad Media Publishing. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/METODOLOGI_PENELITIAN_KUALITATIF_EDISI_R.html?id=I-E2EAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Sanusi, M. (2024). Transforming Islamic Education in the Digital Age: Challenges and Opportunities for the Young Generation. Attractive : Innovative Education Journal, 5(3). https://www.attractivejournal.com/index.php/aj/

Su, F., & Zou, D. (2024). A comparative review of technology-assisted and non-technology concept mapping-based language learning. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 6(January), 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100319

Sugianto, O., Munawarh, L., Suprisni, I., Cahyono, H. N., & Nyairah. (2023). Peran Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. IJOIS: Indonesia Journal oF Islamic Studies, 5(1 Januari-June). https://doi.org/10.59525/ijois.v4i1.197

Syamraeni, Sholichah, H., & Al Fajar, A. H. (2024). Transformasi Nilai Religius di Era Digital : Analisis Literatur Berdasarkan Tujuan Hifz al- ‘ Aql kehidupan manusia , termasuk dalam hal pemahaman dan praktik nilai-nilai antara nilai religius dan era digital . Adapun hasil penelitian dari Effendi , Lukma. SOCIO RELEGIA, 93–109. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/sr.v5i2.25552

Taufik, M. (2020). Strategic Role of Islamic Religious Education in Strengthening Character Education in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 20(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v20i1.5797

Tugiah, Syahputra, J., Islahati, D., & Zulmuqim. (2022). Shaping quality Islamic education in the digital age. INFLUENCE: International Journal of Science Review, 4(2), 297–306.

Useche, A. C., Galvis, Á. H., Díaz-Barriga Arceo, F., Patiño Rivera, A. E., & Muñoz-Reyes, C. (2022). Reflexive pedagogy at the heart of educational digital transformation in Latin American higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00365-3

Verstraeten, J., van Dongen-Leunis, A., Scheepers, R., Nederhand, M. L., de Koning, B. B., & van Deen, W. K. (2025). Teachers’ perceptions about online teaching: Analysis of their experiences and opportunities for knowledge sharing. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 9(February), 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100450

Www.bps.go.id. (2018). Penggunaan dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (P2TIK) Sektor Pendidikan 2018. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2018/12/24/27971845a9d616341333d103/penggunaan-dan-pemanfaatan-teknologi-informasi-dan-komunikasi--p2tik--sektor-pendidikan-2018.html

Zahraini, Akib, Rosidin, & Sulaiman, O. (2025). Islamic Education Reform in the Digital Age : Challenges and Opportunities for a Modern Curriculum. Jornal of Noesantara Islamic Studies, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.70177/jnis.v2i1.1841

Zakki, A., & Mahfud, M. (2023). A Critical Study of Comparative Education in The Middle Eastern Countries : Ideological and Cultural. 17(1), 11–39. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2023.17.1.14436

Zubairi, Z., & Nurdin, N. (2022). The Challenges of Islamic Religious Education in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 4(3), 386–396. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v4i3.2120

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v12i1.46161