Kepentingan Denmark dalam Pemberian Bantuan Lingkungan terhadap Indonesia Melalui Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP3)
Abstract
Abstract. Based on the Climate Change Performance Index of the Climate Action Network Europe 2015 Denmark is the most climate-friendly country in the world. As a country that cares so much about the environment, Denmark provides a lot of assistance or support to other countries for environmental preservation programs, including Indonesia. The Danish Environmental Support Program (ESP) has spent a lot of money on Indonesia. However, with insignificant progress, Denmark still continued to provide assistance as far as 3 phases. The first phase was in 2005-2007, the second phase was in 2008-2012 and the last was the third phase in 2013-2018. This raises the question “What are Denmark's national interest behind providing assistance under ESP3?”. The methodology of this research is descriptive analysis using the theory of Neorealism and the concept of the National Interest. This article concludes that Denmark has 3 national interests in this regard. Namely ideological interests, economic interests and world order interests.
Keywords: Environmental Support Program Phase III (ESP3), National Interest, Denmark, Indonesia.
Abstrak. Berdasarkan Climate Change Performance Index of the Climate Action Network Europe 2015 Denmark merupakan Negara paling climate-friendly di dunia. Sebagai Negara yang begitu perduli akan lingkungan Denmark banyak memberikan bantuan atau support kepada Negara lain untuk program penjagaan linkungan, termasuk Indonesia. Pada Environmental Support Programme (ESP) Denmark mengeluarkan biaya yang tidak sedikit untuk Indonesia. Namun dengan kemajuan yang tidak signifikan Denmark masih tetap melanjutkan pemberian bantuan ini hingga 3 fase. Fase pertama tahun 2005-2007, fase kedua tahun 2008-2012 dan terakhir fase ketiga tahun 2013-2018. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan “Apa sebenarnya kepentingan nasional Denmark dibalik pemberian bantuan dalam ESP3?”. Metodologi penelitian kali ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan teori Neorealisme dan Konsep Kepentingan Nasional. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada 3 kepentingan nasional Denmark dalam hal ini. Yaitu kepentingan ideologi, kepentingan ekonomi dan kepentingan tata internasional.
Kata Kunci: Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP3), Kepentingan Nasional, Denmark, Indonesia.
Keywords
References
COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners AS, Environmental Factors and Heath: The Danish Experience, (Copenhagen: Danish Environmental Protection Agency), 2001; tersedia di: https://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2001/87-7944-519-5/pdf/87-7944-518-7.pdf, diakses pada 20 september 2020.
DANIDA. Project : Environmental Sector Programme Support [Website Resmi];tersedia di: https://openaid.um.dk/en/projects/DK-1-121817, diunduh pada: 6 Januari 2020.
DANIDA. Project: Environmental Support Programme Phase 2(ESP2) [Website resmi]; tersedia di: https://openaid.um.dk/ en/projects/DK-1-148139, diunduh pada: 6 Januari 2020.
DANIDA. Project: Environmental Support Programme Phase 3 (ESP3) [Website Resmi];tersedia di: https://openaid.um.dk/projects/dk-1-204597, diunduh pada: 6 Januari 2020.
Danish Embassy in Indonesia. Market and Business Culture in Indonesia [website resmi], tersedia di: https://indonesien.um.dk/en/the-trade-council/market-and-business-culture-in-indonesia/, diakses pada: 3 Februari 2020.
Denmark Official Website, Sustainability in Denmark, tersedia di: https://denmark.dk/innovation-and-design/sustainability, diakses pada 13 Agustus 2020.
Denmark.dk, Pioneers in Clean Energy [Website Resmi]; tersedia di: https://denmark.dk/innovation-and-design/clean-energy, diunduh pada: 2 Januari 2020.
Direktorat Jendral Pengendalian Perubahan Ikllim. Statistik tahun 2018 Direktorat Jendral Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim [website resmi]; tersedia di: http://ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id/reddplus/ images/adminppi/dokumen/statistik_PPI_2018_opt.pdf, diakses pada: 2 Januari 2020.
Donat, Lena. Dkk. 2014. Assesment of Climate Change Policies in the Context of the European Semester Country Report: Luxemburg, (Jerman: Ecologic Institute), tersedia di: https://www.ecologic.eu/sites/default/files/publication/2014/countryreport_lu_ecologiceclareon_jan2014_0.pdf, diakses pada: 13 Oktober 2021
Environmental Support Programme 2 (ESP2). About ESP ; tersedia di: https://web.archive.org/web/20130707024641/http://www.esp2indonesia.org/content/about-esp
Environmental Support Programme, 3rd Phase (2013-2017): Programme Document
ESP3. 2015. About ESP3, tersedia di: https://web.archive.org/web/2015101 7082235/http://www.esp3.org/index.php/en
Humas Ebtke. 2019. Pltb Tolo Sukses Beroperasi Komersial, Tahap II Siap Dikembangkan. tersedia di: http://ebtke.esdm.go.id/ post/2019/09/09/2330/pltb.tolo.sukses.beroperasi.komersial.tahap.ii.siap.dikembangkan
KBRICPH, Joint Declaration Between The Minister For Foreign Affairs Of The Republic Of Indonesia And The Minister For Foreign Affairs Of The Kingdom Of Denmark On " An Innovative Partnership For The 21st Century" [dokumen resmi], tersedia di: https://www.kbricph.dk/images/DKdekmit.pdf
KBRICPH. Perdagangan Bilateral [website resmi]; tersedia di: https://www.kbricph.dk/index.php/sekilas-info/perdagangan-bilateral
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. 2016. Strategic Energy Sector Cooperation Between Indonesia & Denmark: Annual Report; tersedia di: https://um.dk/~/media/UM/Danish-site/Documents /Danida/Samarbejde/Ministerier/SSC/AArsrapporter%202016/Indonesien%20energi.pdf?la=da
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. 2016. ”Evaluation of DANIDA Energy and Environment Cooperation in South East Asia”. Evaluation Report November [laporan evaluasi]; tersedia di: http://www.netpublikationer.dk/UM/evaluation_eec_southeast_asia/html/helepubl.html, diunduh pada: 2 Januari 2020.
Nuechterlein, Donald E.. 1979. “National Interest and Foreign Policy: A Conceptual Framework for Analysist and Decision-Making”. British Journal of International Studies.
Ocean Conference. “Reducing Plastic Marine Debris in Indonesia”, United Nations [website resmi]; tersedia di: https://ocean conference.un.org/commitments/?id=20500
Pashakhanlou, Arash Heydarian. 2009. Comparing and Contrasting Classical Realism and Neorealism. United Kingdom: Aberystwyth University.
Pedersen, Alexandra. 2015. “From Aid to Trade: Denmark Cashing in on Changing Fortunes in Southeast Asia”. CPH Post, 8 September; tersedia di: https://cphpost.dk/?p=27137, diakses pada: 3 Maret 2021.
Portal Berita Prov. Jawa Tengah, JaTeng-Denmark Realisasikan 4 Proyek Percontohan, tersedia di: https://jatengprov.go.id/ publik/jateng-denmark-realisasikan-4-proyek-percontohan/
Pushkin, Adam ,dkk., 2016. “Indonesia’s Partnerships with Denmark & the United Kingdom”, Indonesia Investments, 14 April [berita online]; tersedia di: https://www.indonesia-investments.com/ id/news/news-columns/indonesia-s-partnerships-with-denmark-the-united-kingdom/item6715
Robert, Jackson and Sorensen Georg. 2005. Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Saturi, Sapariah dan Indra Nugraha. 2015. “Indonesia Targetkan Penurunan Emisi Karbon 29% pada 2030” Mongabaya Situs Berita Lingkungan, 2 September [Berita Online], tersedia di: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2015/09/02/indonesia-targetkan-penurunan-emisi-karbon-29-pada-2030/, diunduh pada 2 Januari 2020.
United Nations, Official Development Assistance, tersedia di: https://developmentfinance.un.org/official-development-assistance, diakses pada: 4 Oktober 2020.
Velten, Eike Karola, dkk. 2014. Assesment of Climate Change Policies in the Context of the European Semester Country Report: Austria, (Jerman: Ecologic Institute), tersedia di: https://www.ecologic.eu/sites/default/files/publication/2014/countryreport_at_ecologiceclareon_jan2014_0.pdf, diakses pada: 13 Oktober 2021.
Waltz, Kenneth. 1979. Theories of International Politics. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.
Wulandari, Sri. 2019. “Implementasi Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP3) Denmark di Hutan Harapan (Jambi dan Sumatera Selatan) Indonesia Tahun 2013-2018”. JOM FISIP Vol. 6: Edisi I Januari –Juni; tersediadi: https://jom.unri.ac.id/ index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/23879/23111
Yusuf, A. Muri. 2014. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif & Penelitian Gabungan. Jakarta: Kencana.
DOI: 10.15408/jisi.v2i1.23042
Copyright (c) 2022 Kharisma Anissa Dewi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Hide
Show all