Digitalizing the Living Qur'an: Religious Authority and the Transformation of Qur'anic Knowledge in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/jii.v16i1.51744Keywords:
Living Qur’an, Digital Religious Authority, Qur’anic Reception, Digital Tafsir, Indonesian IslamAbstract
This article examines the digitalization of the Living Qur’an in Indonesia by analyzing how Qur’anic knowledge is produced, circulated, authorized, and received through digital platforms. The study responds to a central scholarly problem: digital media have expanded public access to Qur’anic learning, yet they have also transformed the basis of religious authority, interpretive legitimacy, and everyday Qur’anic reception. Using a qualitative research design that combines digital ethnography and qualitative content analysis, this study analyzes publicly available Qur’anic discourse on YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and Indonesian tafsir websites, including long-form tafsir lectures, short-form Qur’anic content, digital tafsir materials, and audience interactions. The findings show that digital platforms have become new infrastructures of Qur’anic knowledge, making the Qur’an searchable, portable, shareable, and continuously embedded in everyday digital life. The study also finds that tafsir authority is no longer shaped solely by sanad, scholarly credentials, pesantren affiliation, or institutional recognition, but is increasingly negotiated through media visibility, communicative style, audience trust, and algorithmic circulation. Furthermore, digital Qur’anic knowledge increasingly shifts from textual-systematic tafsir toward practical moral pedagogy addressing worship, family life, anxiety, repentance, social ethics, and personal spirituality. Digital audiences also participate in constructing Qur’anic reception through comments, questions, sharing, and public engagement. The article contributes theoretically by extending Living Qur’an studies into digital religion scholarship and proposing digital Qur’anic reception as a mediated socio-religious formation shaped by scripture, authority, technology, and participatory audiences.
References
Adim, F., & Isnaini, S. N. (2024). AL-TAFSĪR AL-SHAFAHI AL-IFTIRĀḌI WA AL-IṢLĀḤ AL-IJTIMĀ ‘I: Dirāsah fi al-Durūs Gus Bahā’’ min Khilāl Tafsīr al-Jalālayn.’ Journal of Indonesian Islam, 18(2), 607–633. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2024.18.2.607-633
Ahmad, K. A., Jalil, A. A., Darpen, M. H., Ismail, F. H., & Osman, M. N. A. (2026). Living Qur’an and Hadith in Contemporary Muslim Scholarship: A Systematic Literature Review of Takhrij Practices and Ahkam Hadith Analysis. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 16(9s), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.16.9s.8
Akilah, F., Abubakar, A., & Mahfuz, M. (2026). A Qur’anic Management Framework for Sustainable Work Ethics in the Digital Era: Operationalizing Amānah and Integrity for Organizational Resilience. Banco, 8(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.35905/banco.v8i1.15148
Ali, R., & Isnaini, S. N. (2024). Digitising Interpretation: Transforming Tafsir Al-Mishbah in the Context of the Living Quran. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 25(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5186
Ardiansyah, A. F., Tambunan, M. A., Muttaqin, F. F., & Ashani, S. (2025). Reconfiguring Religious Authority in the Digital Age : an Analysis of Lay Preaching in Indonesian Muslim Society. 8(2), 357–377. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v8i2.9155
Arifin, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of the socialization of tafsir inspirasi in social media. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(2), 1219–1229. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069216086&partnerID=40&md5=36421c84e7b3a39aee5205a83c8cff28
Atallah, F. A. (2026). Digital Mediation and Fatwa Authority in Contemporary Islam: A Critical Islamic Legal and Media-Theoretical Framework. Religions, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17030350
Ayyad, E. (2022). Re-Evaluating Early Memorization of the Qurʾān in Medieval Muslim Cultures. Religions, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020179
Ayyāzī, M. A., Zādeh, K. Q., & Mīr-Safī, F. H. (2011). Theoretical Foundations for Social Trends in Contemporary tafsīr. Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 13(2), 202–230. https://doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2011.0030
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Anchor Books.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Campbell, H. (2007). Who’s got the power? Religious authority and the Internet. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 1043–1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00362.x
Campbell, H. A. (2013). Digital religion: Understanding religious practice in new media worlds. Routledge.
Campbell, H. A., & Tsuria, R. (2021). Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design. Sage Publications.
Eickelman, D. F., & Anderson, J. W. (2003). New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press.
Genç, H., & Yilmaz, A. (2025). The Teaching of the Quran in the Digital Age: The Role of Technology and Social Media in Quran Education. Mutefekkir, 12(23), 239–267. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.1733231
Ghozali, M., Mursyid, A. Y., & Fitriana, N. (2022). Al-Qur’an (Re)Presentation in the Short Video App Tiktok: Reading, Teaching, and Interpretive. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30(3), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.3.18
Göknar, M. (2018). Everyday ontologies and Islam for childless women in northwestern Turkey. Contemporary Levant, 3(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/20581831.2018.1458483
Güler, Ö. R. (2026). FROM ORAL CULTURE TO DIGITAL PLATFORMS: A COMMUNICATION-SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE REPRODUCTION OF HACI BEKTASH VELI’S TEACHINGS. Turk Kulturu ve Haci Bektas Veli - Arastirma Dergisi, 117, 461–488. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1663367
Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/Decoding BT - Culture, Media, Language (D. . L. Hobson A.; Willis, P. (ed.); pp. 128–138). Hutchinson.
Hartwig, D., & Akhtar, J. (2026). From Oral Revelation to Viral Rumors: Transmission, Trust, and Truth in the Quranic Worldview. In Digital Hate Speech, Disinformation, and Peace in Religiously Diverse Regions (pp. 1–26). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-6068-3.ch001
Hasan, S. S., Zulfikar, W. B., Lukman, N., Wahana, A., & Atmadja, A. R. (2024). Fisher-Yates Approach for Daily Qur’an Chatbot. Proceeding of 2024 the 10th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics, ICWT 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWT62080.2024.10674691
Helland, C. (2000). Online Religion/Religion Online and Virtual Communitas. In Religion on the Internet: Research Prospects and Promises.
Herliana, A., Najiyah, I., Susanti, S., & Billah, L. M. (2026). The Application of Deep Learning in Qur’anic Tafsir Retrieval Using SBERT, FAISS and BERT-QA. Journal of Applied Data Sciences, 7(1), 344–356. https://doi.org/10.47738/jads.v7i1.1000
Hidayat, A. (2020). Islamic shari’a configuration of buka luwur tradition in kudus. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 8(1), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.21043/QIJIS.V8I1.7999
Hidayat, Y. F. (2022). THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOHAMMAD DAʻWAH TO UMMA AL-DAʻWAH IN HADITHS OF KUTUBUS-SITTAH. Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture and Social Studies, 2(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v2i2.453
Hjarvard, S. (2008). The Mediatization of Religion: A Theory of the Media as Agents of Religious Change. Northern Lights, 6(1), 9–26.
Hoover, S. M. (2006). Religion in the Media Age. Routledge.
Husein, F., & Slama, M. (2018). Online piety and its discontent: revisiting Islamic anxieties on Indonesian social media. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1415056
Ichwan, M. N., Pabbajah, M., & Amin, F. (2024). Digitization of Religious Tafsir: The Fading of Indonesian Ulama Authority in the Post‑Truth Era. Jurnal Studi Ilmu‑ilmu Al‑Qur’an Dan Hadis. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i2.5545
Indonesia, K. A. R. (2022). Qur’an Kemenag. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. https://quran.kemenag.go.id/
Irsad, M., Mustaqim, A., & Qudsy, S. Z. (2024). Paradigm Shifts in Gender Narratives of of Tafsīr al-Ibrīz through Oral Exegesis on Youtube. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 25(1), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5416
Kasdi, A., Nurhadi, & Suryanto, H. (2026). Digital Authority and Islamic Knowledge: Users’ Perceptions in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Media and Religion, 3(1), 14–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/ajmr.2026.3.1.14
Kayikci, M., & D’Haenens, L. (2017). European muslims and new media. In European Muslims and New Media. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058533337&partnerID=40&md5=1f811434607e8a0c9f3020c40d135d46
Lohlker, R., & Wahid, S. H. (2026). The Transformation of Islamic Religious Authority. Religions, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17040493
Lukman, F. (2018). Digital hermeneutics and a new face of the Qur’an commentary: The Qur’an in Indonesian’s facebook. Al-Jami’ah, 56(1), 95–120. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2018.561.95-120
Markham, A., & Buchanan, E. (2012). Ethical Decision-Making and Internet Research.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publications.
Musafa’ah, S., Hadi, M. N., Al Maliki, M. A., & Ghufron, M. (2025). REFRAMING ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW THROUGH WEB-BASED TAFSIR: The Case of Nushuz in the Indonesian Tafsir Online. Ulumuna, 29(2), 666–700. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v29i2.1756
Muslim, A. (2017). Digital Religion and Religious Life in Southeast Asia. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 4(1–2), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340067
Nisa, E. F. (2018a). Creative and lucrative da‘wa: The visual culture of Instagram amongst female Muslim youth in Indonesia. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 5(1–2), 68–99. https://doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340085
Nisa, E. F. (2018b). Social Media and the Birth of an Islamic Social Movement: ODOJ (One Day One Juz) in Contemporary Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2017.1416758
Parveen, N. (2025). Evidence-Based Practices of Cognitive Load Management to Enhance Learning. Psychological Studies, 70(2), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-025-00841-6
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Quran.com. (2024). Quran.com. https://quran.com/
Rafiq, A. (2014). The Reception of the Qur’an in Indonesia.
Rafiq, A. (2021). Living Qur’an: Its texts and practices in the functions of the scripture. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 22(2), 469–484. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2021.2202-10
Saeed, A., & Akbar, A. (2021). Contextualist approaches and the interpretation of the Qur’ān. Religions, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070527
Sahimi, M. S. B., Rahim, M. H. A., Rushihi, A. A. B., Kirin, A., & Zakaria, N. (2025). Preserving the Authenticity of Quranic Exegesis Through Artificial Intelligence: A Proposed Framework for Digital Verification. Quranica, 17(2), 325–344. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105018592981&partnerID=40&md5=0f97d0de1636bddbe68eca85e15581b6
Salam-Salmaoui, R., Hassan, S., & Salam, S. (2025). Virtual Madrasas: Digital Governmentality and the Shaping of Islamic Subjectivity in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Religion, 24(2), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2025.2468455
Salim, R., Hossain, M. Z., & Al-Mawali, N. (2016). Distribution of wealth and resources in Islam: Restoring social justice, peace and prosperity. International Journal of Economic Research, 13(2), 571–586. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973334453&partnerID=40&md5=acd4d93a496aa5200861421e8f38c15a
Salma, Y., Kamilah, Z., Kamil, A. Z., Iwanebel, F. Y., & Maulana, M. I. (2025). NARRATIVE HERMENEUTICS AS DIGITAL TAFSĪR: RECONSTRUCTING QUR’ANIC MEANING AND RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY ON INSTAGRAM @NADIRSYAHHOSEN_OFFICIAL. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 23(2), 733–772. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v23i2.1492
Sari, A. P., & Moore, L. C. (2024). Learning Qur’anic Arabic in a virtual village: Family religious language policy in transnational Indonesian Muslim families. International Journal of Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069241256194
Sati, A., Halim, A., Nasution, A. H., & Ridwan, M. (2025). The Digital Transformation of Tafsir and Its Implications for Islamic Legal Derivation in the Contemporary Era. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 4(1), 389–415. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10425
Sierocki, R. (2024). Algorithms and Faith: The Meaning, Power, and Causality of Algorithms in Catholic Online Discourse. Religions, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15040431
Siler, A., & Karsli, B. (2024). Religious Hate Speech in a Networked Society: The Digital Pulpit Sheikhdom. Hitit Theology Journal, 23(2), 1114–1137. https://doi.org/10.14395/hid.1511016
Slama, M. (2018). Practising Islam through Social Media in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1416798
Sukmawaty, F., Wahyuni, Y. S., Tianqi, F., Gunawan, A., & Yaya, S. (2025). Performing Cultural Synthesis : Sendratari Kadita as Ethical Pedagogy in Islamic-Javanese Heritage Preservation and Pluralistic Coexistence. 15(1), 136–152.
Supriadi, A., Faridatunnisa, N., & Akbar, A. (2022). BATAMAT: THE RECEPTION OF QUR’AN IN DAYAK BAKUMPAI. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 20(2), 445–478. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v20i2.1081
Syafaq, H., Musyafa’ah, N. L., Al Banna, A. H., & Rosyidah, U. (2026). ‘Santri without pesantren’ and the sectarian violence on Indonesian Muslim social media. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2025.2612046
TafsirAlQuran.id. (2024). Tafsir Al-Qur’an. https://tafsiralquran.id/
TafsirWeb. (2024). TafsirWeb. https://tafsirweb.com/
Tambunan, M. A., Mayada, W., Hasibuan, L. K., & Sanneh, F. (2025). The Atib Koambai Tradition in Riau and the Ethos of Dhikr : A Phenomenological Study of Local Islamic Interpretation. 15(2), 333–348.
Tottoli, R. (2023). The Qur’an: A guidebook. In The Qur’an: A Guidebook. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771329
Wahid, S. H., & Abdulloh, S. (2026). Digital Islamic authority: a revolutionary shift or mere hype? a systematic review. SN Social Sciences, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-026-01328-5
Yilmaz, I. (2026). Australian Muslim Youth’s Access to Online and Offline Islamic Legal and Religious Knowledge. In Muslim Minorities (Vol. 47, pp. 211–239). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004737372_011
Zaid, B., Ibahrine, M., & Ben Moussa, M. (2026). Networked Islam and liquid authority: Everyday influencers and young Muslim practice. New Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448261436035
Zaman, M. Q. (2002). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press.
Zeki, A., Oyefolahan, I. O., Abd Malek, N. A., Mahmud, M., Mahmood, N., Shah, A., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Investigating how the sources of online audio Qur’an empower listeners. 2014 the 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World, ICT4M 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT4M.2014.7020660
Zohdi, A. M., Al-Hafdi, F. S., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2024). The Role of Digital Platforms in Studying the Holy Qur’an: A Case Study based on the Voices of Students from Diverse Cultures at the Prophet’s Mosque. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(7), 3050–3062. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i7.4440
Zuhri, H., & Pabbajah, M. (2026). The distortions of Aqidah on digital platforms to raise the Islamic populism. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2025.2609316




