RELIGION, THE COVID-19, AND HEALTH PROTOCOLS: A CASE STUDY OF MUSLIMS GROUP VIEWS
Abstract
The article aims to describe the religious views of Indonesian Muslim groups concerning Covid-19 and health protocols. It also explores the factors that lead some Muslims to reject health protocols in their religious practices. The qualitative method was employed in this study, with research subjects selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The informants included leaders of Indonesian Muslim groups, such as Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, and other Muslim group leaders. The research findings indicate that most Muslim group leaders interpret Islamic teachings with academic perspectives, although many tend to adopt conservative interpretations. This conservative religious understanding is influenced by several factors: first, the psychological factor of panic or cultural shock among some Muslims; second, the influx of information on social media whose accuracy is challenging to verify; third, economic pressure on the people; and fourth, the government’s indecisiveness and the ineffectiveness of public communication.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
ʿAbūd, Ṣāliḥ ibn Abdullah al-. ʿAqīdah Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Salafiyah wa Atharuhā fī al-ʿĀlam al-Islāmī. Madinah: al-Jām‘iah al-Islāmiyah, 1424H/2004 M.
Abushouk, Ahmed Ibrahim. “Al-Manār and the Ḥadhramī Elite in the Malay- Indonesian World: Challenge and Response,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 17, no. 3 (July 2007): 301-322.
Affandi, Bisri. Syaikh Ahmad Syurkati (1874-1943): Pembaharu dan Pemurni Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 1999 M. cet. 1.
Anwar, Syamsul. “Fatwā, Purification and Dynamization: A Study of Tarjīḥ in Muhammadiyah,” Islamic Law and Society 12, no. 1 (Fatwās in Indonesia 2005): 27-44.
Arikunto, Suharsimi. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1996.
Azmeh, Aziz. “Islamist Revivalism and Western Ideologies,”History Workshop 32 (Autumn, 1991): 44-53.
Azra, Azyumardi. “The Transmission of al-Manar’s Reformism to the Malay-Indonesian World: The Cases of al-Imam and al-Munir,” Studia Islamika 6, no. 3, (1999): 75-76.
Azra, Azyumardi. “Konservatisme Agama (2)”, https://republika.co.id/berita/ pwam8a282/konservatisme- agama-2.
Bungin, Burhan (ed.). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2011, cet. 8.
Burhanuddin, Jajat. “Aspiring for Islamic Reform: Southeast Asian Requests for Fatwās in al-Manār,” Islamic Law and Society, 12, no. 1 (Fatwās in Indonesia (2005): 9-26.
Bush, Robin. Nadhlatul Ulama & The Struggle for Power within Islam & Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Denny J.A. Catatan Politik. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2006.
Fadl, Khaled Abou el-. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam From The Extremists. Perfect Boud: ebook version, 2005.
Fadl, Khaled M. Abou el-. Atas Nama Tuhan: Dari Fikih Otoriter ke Fikih Otoritatif. Bandung: Mizan, 2004.
Federspiel, Howard M. “The Muhammadijah: A Study of an Orthodox Islamic Movement in Indonesia, Indonesia 10 (October 1970): 57-79.
Federspiel, Howard M. Persatuan Islam: Islamic Reform in Twentieth Century Indonesia. Yudian W. Asmin dan Afandi Mochtar (terj.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1996 M.
Hadari. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 1991, cet. ke-5.
Hamali, Syaiful. “Agama dalam Persepktif Sosiologi,” al-Adyan 12, no. 2 (Juli-Desember 2017): 223-244.
Hamka. Ayahku: Riwayat Hidup Dr. H. Abdul Karim Amrullah dan Perjuangan Kaum Agama di Sumatera. Jakarta: Umminda, 1982 M.
Hannan, Abdul, Fitriyah Rahmawati, Ahmad Imam Khairi. “The Moderatism and Religious Conservatism Problems in the Middle of Covid-19 Pandemic Era”, Kuriositas: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan13, no. 2 (Desember 2020): 67-197.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militansi, dan Pencarian Identitas di Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru. (Jakarta: LP3ES & KITLV, 2008).
Hasyim, Arrazy. Teologi Muslim Puritan: Genealogi dan Ajaran Salafi. Tangerang Selatan: Maktabah Darus Sunnah, 2018.
Hidayah, Nur. Salam: Jurnal Sosial & Budaya Syar’i 7, no. 5 (2020): 423-438.
Hilali, Salim bi al-ʿId al-. Manhaj Salaf Manhaj Alternatif. Andi Arlin (terj.). Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2001.
Hitti, Philip K. Hitory of The Arabs. Cecep Lukman Yasin dan Dedi Slamet Riyadi (terj.). Jakarta: Serambi, 2014.
Iqbal, Asep Muhammad. Internet dan Gerakan Salafi di Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Awal. Yogyakarta: Diandra Kreatif, 2019.
Jumʿah, Ali. Menjawab Dakwah Kaum ‘Salafi’. Abdul Ghafur (terj.). Jakarta, Khatulistiwa Press, 2013.
Kahmad, Dadang. Sosiologi Agama. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2009.
Khamīs, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman al-. Iʿtiqād Aʾimmah al-Salaf Ahl al-Ḥadīth. Kuwait: Dār Ilāf al-Dauliyyah, 1420 H/1999 M.
Kothari E.C., Research Methodology, New Delhi: New Age International (P)Limited, 2004).
Kurniawan, Syamsul. Berdamai dengan Perubahan: Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Tinjauan Sosial, Agama dan Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Turangga, 2020.
Lauzière, Henri. “The Construction of Salafiyya: Reconsidering Salafism from The Perspective on Conceptual History”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 42, no. 3 (August 2010): 369-389.
Lauzière, Henri. The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in The Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.
Meijer, Roel (ed.). Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online, 2014.
Minhaji, Akh. ‘Ahmad Hassan and Islamic Legal Reform In Indonesia (1887-1958)’. Disertasi Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montreal, 1997.
Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014.
Mujani, Saiful and William Liddle. “Politics, Islam and Public Opinion,” Journal of Democracy 15, no. 1, (2004): 109-123.
Najih, Aizun. “Komunikasi Selama Pandemi Covid-19: Belajar Dari Kegagalan Komunikasi Risiko Kesehatan Yang Efektif”, JISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 9, no. 29, (2020): 111-122.
Nujaym, Ibn. al-Ashbah wa-al-Nadhāʾīr. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 1999.
Parsons, Talcott. The Social System. London: Routledge, 1991.
Pribadi, Yanwar. “Kebangkitan Konservatisme Islam: Politik Indentitas dan Potret Demokrasi di Indonesia”, Studia Islamika, (2021).
Al-Qarafī. al-Furuq. Damaskus: Muaʾssasah al-Risālah, 1432 H/2011 M.
Rahmat, M. Imdadun. Arus Baru Islam Radikal: Transmisi Revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesia. Surabaya: Erlangga, 2005.
Ricklef, M.C. Mengislamkan Jawa. Jakarta: Serambi, 2013.
Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2005.
Ruhana, Akmal Salim & Haris Burhani. “Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Umat Beragama Menghadapi Covid-19”, Laporan Survei, 2020.
Suhadi dkk. Laporan Kehidupan Beragama di Indonesia. CRCS UGM, Edisi Juni 2020.
Suprayogo dan Tobroni. Metodologi Penelitian Sosiologi Agama. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2003.
Tim Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah. Tuntunan Ibadah Ramadhan di Masa Darurat Covid-19. (Yogyakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid, 2020.
Tim Penyempurnaan Terjemahan al-Quran, Al-Quran dan Terjemahannya. Kementerian Agama RI.
Ulya. “Post-Truth, Hoax, dan Religiusitas di Media Sosial”, Fikrah: Jurnal Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan 6, no. 2 (2018).
Ungulreanu, Daniel. “Wahhabism, Salafism and the Expansion of Islamic Fundamentalist Ideology,” Makalah, 140-147.
Voll, John O. “Foundation Renewel and Reform Islamic Movement in the Eigthteenth and Nineteenth Century”, in John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Voll, John O. “Abdullah bin Salim al-Basri and 18th Century Hadith Scholarship,” Die Welt des Islam 3 (2002): 356-372.
Yulianto, Ahmad Mukti Fajar. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif & Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2000.
Zahrah, Abū. Tārīkh al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyah. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, t.th.
Website
https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id
https://saifulmujani.com/
https://www.cnnindonesia.com
https://www.youtube.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/iu.v10i1.30484 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
PUBLISHER
YAYASAN PEMINAT ILMU USHULUDDIN
in collaboration with the Faculty of Ushuluddin of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Gedung Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta,
Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 95 Ciputat 15412, Indonesia
Phone: (62-21) 7463977
Fax: (62-21) 7493577
Email: jiu.fu@apps.uinjkt.ac.id