KOMPARASI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HAK PEREMPUAN DI AFGHANISTAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FEMINIST FOREIGN POLICY PADA ERA TRUMP DAN BIDEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v21i2.48662Keywords:
US Foreign Policy, Women's Rights, Feminist Foreign Policy, Afghanistan, kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat, hak perempuan, kebijakan luar negeri feminis, AfghanistanAbstract
Abstract. The protection of women's rights in Afghanistan has been a central issue in U.S. foreign policy since the 2001 invasion, with the narrative of women's empowerment often used as a moral and political justification for U.S. military intervention. This study analyzes the differences in the United States' foreign policy approach to protecting women's rights in Afghanistan in the era of Donald Trump (2017–2021) and Joe Biden (2021–2023) using the Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) framework from Scheyer and Kumskova which includes six main indicators. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to policy documents, international organization reports, and academic literature. The results of the study show that the two governments have not comprehensively implemented the FFP principles. The Trump era tends to be oriented towards a pragmatic and militaristic approach with minimal participation of women in the diplomatic process, while the Biden era shows a stronger normative commitment through humanitarian assistance and multilateral diplomacy, but is still limited in structural implementation. These findings indicate a gap between normative commitments and policy practices in the protection of women's rights in Afghanistan.
Abstrak. Perlindungan hak-hak perempuan di Afghanistan telah menjadi isu sentral dalam kebijakan luar negeri AS sejak invasi 2001, dengan narasi pemberdayaan perempuan sering digunakan sebagai pembenaran moral dan politik untuk intervensi militer AS. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan pendekatan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat dalam perlindungan hak-hak perempuan di Afghanistan pada era Donald Trump (2017–2021) dan Joe Biden (2021–2023) dengan menggunakan kerangka Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) dari Scheyer dan Kumskova yang mencakup enam indikator utama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan terhadap dokumen kebijakan, laporan organisasi internasional, dan literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua pemerintahan belum secara komprehensif mengimplementasikan prinsip FFP. Era Trump cenderung berorientasi pada pendekatan pragmatis dan militeristik dengan minimnya partisipasi perempuan dalam proses diplomasi, sementara era Biden menunjukkan komitmen normatif yang lebih kuat melalui bantuan kemanusiaan dan diplomasi multilateral, namun masih terbatas dalam implementasi struktural. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan antara komitmen normatif dan praktik kebijakan dalam perlindungan hak perempuan di Afghanistan.
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