Discriminating Green Beans of Puntang Arabica Coffees with 1H NMR Based-Metabolomics
Abstract
Puntang Arabica Coffee is one of the famous Indonesian coffees from West Java. This coffee is cultivated in the area of Mount Puntang, Bandung Regency. This study evaluated green beans of Puntang Arabica coffee obtained from different cultivating locations, including Cimulek, Cimenong, Ganda Paraja, and Nameur, with 1H NMR-based metabolomics. The green coffee bean samples were ground, extracted with D2O, and then measured with NMR spectroscopy. The obtained 1H NMR spectra were processed and evaluated by multivariate data analysis techniques using Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLSDA) as the main model. In total, 20 metabolites were successfully identified in the 1H NMR spectra of Puntang coffees. Based on multivariate analysis, Cimulek and Cimenong coffee regions possessed similar metabolite profiles possibly due to being in proximity. Trigonelline, 5-chlorogenic acid, and citric acid were detected as the discriminant compounds for Cimulek and Cimenong coffees, whereas lactic acid, lipids, and stearic acid were associated with Ganda Paraja coffee. Meanwhile, GABA was detected constantly as the characteristic compound of Nameur coffee. This report revealed the metabolite profile of Puntang Arabica coffees for the first time and provided scientific information for the development of coffee plantations.
Keywords
References
Lim LT, Zwicker M, Wang X. Coffee: One of the Most Consumed Beverages in the World. In: Comprehensive Biotechnology. Elsevier; 2019:275-285. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-64046-8.00462-6
Cornelis MC. The Impact of Caffeine and Coffee on Human Health. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):416. doi:10.3390/nu11020416
ICO (International Coffee Organization). Coffee Report and Outlook.; 2023.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Indonesian Coffee Statistics 2021.; 2021.
Emwas AHM. The Strengths and Weaknesses of NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry with Particular Focus on Metabolomics Research. In: ; 2015:161-193. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2377-9_13
Kwon DJ, Jeong HJ, Moon H, et al. Assessment of green coffee bean metabolites dependent on coffee quality using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Food Research International. 2015;67:175-182. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.010
Wei F, Furihata K, Koda M, et al. 13C NMR-based metabolomics for the classification of green coffee beans according to variety and origin. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(40):10118-10125. doi:10.1021/jf3033057
Fadilah A, Happyana N. Metabolite Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Garut Arabica Green Coffee Beans. Chemistry Africa. Published online 2024. doi:10.1007/s42250-024-00941-2
Happyana N, Pratiwi A, Hakim EH. Metabolite Profiles of the Green Beans of Indonesian Arabica Coffee Varieties. Int J Food Sci. 2021;2021. doi:10.1155/2021/5782578
Happyana N, Hermawati E, Syah YM, Hakim EH. Metabolite profile evaluation of Indonesian roasted robusta coffees by1h nmr technique and chemometrics. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry. 2020;20(4). doi:10.22146/IJC.46492
Happyana N, Hermawati E, Syah YM, Hakim EH. Discrimination of the Indonesian roasted arabica coffees using1H NMR-based metabolomics. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. 2020;8(2). doi:10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.2.13
de Moura Ribeiro MV, Boralle N, Redigolo Pezza H, Pezza L, Toci AT. Authenticity of roasted coffee using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2017;57:24-30. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2016.12.004
Happyana N, Diniresna A, Pratiwi A, Hakim EH. 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling of green beans of Coffea arabica var. sigararutang with different postharvest treatments. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. Published online February 13, 2024. doi:10.1007/s11694-023-02338-0
Febrina L, Happyana N, Syah YM. Metabolite profiles and antidiabetic activity of the green beans of Luwak (civet) coffees. Food Chem. 2021;355. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129496
Mejia EG de, Ramirez-Mares MV. Impact of caffeine and coffee on our health. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2014;25(10):489-492. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.07.003
Arendash GW, Cao C. Caffeine and Coffee as Therapeutics Against Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2010;20(s1):S117-S126. doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-091249
Liu C, Yang Q, Linforth R, Fisk ID, Yang N. Modifying Robusta coffee aroma by green bean chemical pre-treatment. Food Chem. 2019;272:251-257. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.226
Westerhuis JA, van Velzen EJJ, Hoefsloot HCJ, Smilde AK. Multivariate paired data analysis: multilevel PLSDA versus OPLSDA. Metabolomics. 2010;6(1):119-128. doi:10.1007/s11306-009-0185-z
Toci AT, de Moura Ribeiro MV, de Toledo PRAB, Boralle N, Pezza HR, Pezza L. Fingerprint and authenticity roasted coffees by 1H-NMR: the Brazilian coffee case. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2018;27(1):19-26. doi:10.1007/s10068-017-0243-7
Mehari B, Redi‐Abshiro M, Chandravanshi BS, Combrinck S, McCrindle R, Atlabachew M. GC‐MS profiling of fatty acids in green coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) beans and chemometric modeling for tracing geographical origins from Ethiopia. J Sci Food Agric. 2019;99(8):3811-3823. doi:10.1002/jsfa.9603
DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v11i1.41907
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nizar Happyana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
