1. Home
  2. Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 8, No. 1, May 2022
  3. Satoto

Plastic Composites Using Mango Leaf Waste for Cost Effectiveness and Green Environment

Rahmat Satoto, Rijal Ahmadi, Dadi Rusdiana, Erni Ernawaty, Anung Syampurwadi, Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah

Abstract


Due to ecological considerations, natural biodegradation composites are widespread in tailoring plastics properties to specific needs. This work aims to demonstrate the available opportunity in using 100 and 140 mesh powdered mango leaf (PML) waste as a filler in polypropylene (PP) composites. Composites were produced via melt blending on a twin-screw internal mixer, with a different particulate size and a weight ratio of PML. Morphology, tensile, flexural, hardness, tear, puncture, thermal, and water absorption properties of the composites were assessed after 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of water immersion. We found that the smaller particle size shows a better mechanical and water absorption of the composites, but not for thermal properties. The mechanical properties decreased with increasing PML content; however, these properties did not differ considerably from pure PP and other composites with natural filler. Besides, these polypropylene/PML composites showed excellent properties in water absorption.

Keywords


Mango leaf; Mechanical properties; Natural fiber; Polypropylene composite; Single-used articles

References


Abdullah, M. Z., & Aslan, N. H. C. (2019). Performance evaluation of composite from recycled polypropylene reinforced with mengkuang leaf fiber. Resources, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020097

Ahmed, A. S., Islam, M. S., Hassan, A., Mohamad Haafiz, M. K., Islam, K. N., & Arjmandi, R. (2014). Impact of succinic anhydride on the properties of jute fiber/polypropylene biocomposites. Fibers and Polymers, 15(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-0307-8

Amin, M. R., Chowdhury, M. A., & Kowser, M. A. (2019). Characterization and performance analysis of composite bioplastics synthesized using titanium dioxide nanoparticles with corn starch. Heliyon, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02009

Bilal, A., Lin, R. J. T., & Jayaraman, K. (2014). Effects of fibre loading and interfacial modification on physical properties of rice husk /PE composites. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 575, 223–226. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.575.223

Burgstaller, C. (2014). A comparison of processing and performance for lignocellulosic reinforced polypropylene for injection moulding applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 67, 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.07.010

Das, S. P., Ghosh, A., Gupta, A., Goyal, A., & Das, D. (2013). Lignocellulosic fermentation of wild grass employing recombinant hydrolytic enzymes and fermentative microbes with effective bioethanol recovery. BioMed Research International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/386063

De Rosa, I. M., Kenny, J. M., Puglia, D., Santulli, C., & Sarasini, F. (2010). Morphological, thermal and mechanical characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fibres as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. Composites Science and Technology, 70(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.09.013

Delville, J., Joly, C., Dole, P., & Bliard, C. (2003). Influence of photocrosslinking on the retrogradation of wheat starch based films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 53(4), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00141-3

Dórame-Miranda, R. F., Gámez-Meza, N., Medina-Juárez, L. Á., Ezquerra-Brauer, J. M., Ovando-Martínez, M., & Lizardi-Mendoza, J. (2019). Bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter entanii using pecan nutshell as carbon source and its chemical functionalization. Carbohydrate Polymers, 207, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.067

Dordević, N., Marinković, A. D., Nikolić, J. B., Drmanić, S., Rančić, M., Brković, D. S., & Uskoković, P. S. (2016). A study of the barrier properties of polyethylene coated with a nanocellulose/magnetite composite film. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 81(5), 589–605. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC151217019D

Gozdecki, C., Wilczyński, A., Kociszewski, M., & Zajchowski, S. (2015). Properties of wood–plastic composites made of milled particleboard and polypropylene. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0852-2

He, G., Zhang, F., Yu, H., Li, J., & Guo, S. (2016). Puncture characterization of multilayered polypropylene homopolymer/ethylene 1-octene copolymer sheets. RSC Advances, 6(16), 12744–12752. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23333j

Indra Reddy, M., Anil Kumar, M., & Rama Bhadri Raju, C. (2018). Tensile and Flexural properties of Jute, Pineapple leaf and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.105

Kengkhetkit, N., & Amornsakchai, T. (2014). A new approach to “Greening” plastic composites using pineapple leaf waste for performance and cost effectiveness. Materials and Design, 55, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.005

Kocak, D., & Mistik, S. I. (2015). The use of palm leaf fibres as reinforcements in composites. Biofiber Reinforcements in Composite Materials, 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782421276.2.273

Lindman, B., Medronho, B., Alves, L., Costa, C., Edlund, H., & Norgren, M. (2017). The relevance of structural features of cellulose and its interactions to dissolution, regeneration, gelation and plasticization phenomena. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19(35), 23704–23718. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp02409f

Marichelvam, M. K., Jawaid, M., & Asim, M. (2019). Corn and rice starch-based bio-plastics as alternative packaging materials. Fibers, 7(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7040032

Mazerolles, T., Heuzey, M. C., Soliman, M., Martens, H., Kleppinger, R., & Huneault, M. A. (2019). Development of co-continuous morphology in blends of thermoplastic starch and low-density polyethylene. Carbohydrate Polymers, 206(November 2018), 757–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.038

Medina-Jaramillo, C., Ochoa-Yepes, O., Bernal, C., & Famá, L. (2017). Active and smart biodegradable packaging based on starch and natural extracts. Carbohydrate Polymers, 176(August), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.079

Mir, S. S., Nafsin, N., Hasan, M., Hasan, N., & Hassan, A. (2013). Improvement of physico-mechanical properties of coir-polypropylene biocomposites by fiber chemical treatment. Materials and Design, 52, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.062

Mohammadkazemi, F., Azin, M., & Ashori, A. (2015). Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. Carbohydrate Polymers, 117, 518–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.008

Nguyen, D. M., Do, T. V. V., Grillet, A. C., Ha Thuc, H., & Ha Thuc, C. N. (2016). Biodegradability of polymer film based on low density polyethylene and cassava starch. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 115, 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.004

Rahman, M. R., Huque, M. M., Islam, M. N., & Hasan, M. (2008). Improvement of physico-mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites by post-treatment. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 39(11), 1739–1747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.08.002

Roy, S. B., Ramaraj, B., Shit, S. C., & Nayak, S. K. (2011). Polypropylene and potato starch biocomposites: Physicomechanical and thermal properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 120(5), 3078–3086. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.33486

Sadeghifar, H., & Argyropoulos, D. S. (2016). Macroscopic Behavior of Kraft Lignin Fractions: Melt Stability Considerations for Lignin-Polyethylene Blends. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 4(10), 5160–5166. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00636

Satoto, R., Karina, M., Hanif, A., Abdullah, D., & Nugroho, P. (2019). Mechanical and degradability properties of polyethylene / PBL composites in a wet-dry controlled environment. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 10(8), 706–718.

Scaffaro, R., Lopresti, F., & Botta, L. (2018). PLA based biocomposites reinforced with Posidonia oceanica leaves. Composites Part B: Engineering, 139(November 2017), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.11.048

Wang, S., Feng, N., Zheng, J., Yoon, K. B., Lee, D., Qu, M., Zhang, X., & Zhang, H. (2016). Preparation of polyethylene/lignin nanocomposites from hollow spherical lignin-supported vanadium-based Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 27(10), 1351–1354. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3803

Zhang, Q., Yi, W., Li, Z., Wang, L., & Cai, H. (2018). Mechanical properties of rice husk biochar reinforced high density polyethylene composites. Polymers, 10(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030286


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v8i1.24557

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Rahmat Satoto

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.