Meneropong Problematika Konsep Kewajiban Asasi Manusia di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

Raihan Muhammad

doi:10.15408/076de144

Authors

Raihan Muhammad Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15408/076de144

Keywords:

Akuntabilitas; hak asasi manusia; kewajiban asasi manusia; kerangka normatif; pembatasan hak

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji problematika konsep kewajiban asasi manusia di Indonesia dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Dalam kerangka HAM, individu ditempatkan sebagai pemegang hak, sementara negara sebagai pemikul kewajiban. Namun, hukum positif Indonesia—terutama UUD NRI 1945 dan UU No. 39 Tahun 1999—memperluas kewajiban hingga mencakup individu serta menjadikannya sebagai dasar pembatasan hak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ambiguitas konseptual, seperti kaburnya pembedaan antara pemegang hak dan pemikul kewajiban, perluasan kewajiban individu tanpa batas yang jelas, serta potensi menjadikan hak bersifat kondisional. Konstruksi ini berimplikasi pada melemahnya akuntabilitas negara dan terbukanya ruang pembatasan hak yang tidak sah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penataan ulang kerangka normatif yang menegaskan kembali hak sebagai pusat pelindungan, memperketat standar pembatasan, serta menempatkan negara sebagai pemikul kewajiban utama.

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