Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa : Kegagalan Palestina Menjadi Negara Merdeka (1920-1948)

Hanafi Wibowo

Abstract


Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji Palestina pada masa Mandat Inggris melalui Metode Historis dengan Pendekatan Politik. Pasca Perang Dunia Pertama (1914-1918), Inggris mendapat mandat dari Liga Bangsa Bangsa untuk mengelola administrasi bekas wilayah wilayah Arab yang sebelumnya adalah bekas wilayah Turki Usmani. Di dalam proses pengelolaan ini, terjadi permasalahan dimana muncul dua kekuatan yang saling bertentangan yaitu Zionis Yahudi sebagai pendatang baru dan rakyat Palestina sebagai penduduk asli. Keinginan Liga Bangsa Bangsa yang menugaskan Inggris untuk memberikan masing masing kedua bangsa itu sebuah negara yang merdeka mendapat penolakan baik dari pihak Palestina maupun dari pihak Yahudi itu sendiri. Studi ini juga mempelajari dampak dari keberhasilan orang Yahudi mendirikan Israel diatas penderitaan rakyat Palestina. Artikel ini ingin menjelaskan mengapa Palestina mengalami kegagalan dalam mendirikan sebuah negara merdeka yang  penulis dapatkan dari pelbagai sumber dan data-data tertulis.  Menurut penelahaan penulis, era Mandat Inggris adalah akar dan awal kegagalan Palestina mendirikan negara merdeka, selain itu terdapat dua faktor penting penyebab kegagalan tersebut. Pertama, adalah faktor internal dari rakyat yang saat itu berupa adanya kesalahan strategi dari elit dan rakyat Palestina sendiri. Kedua yaitu faktor eksternal adalah campur tangan negara-negara Arab tetangga yang memecah Palestina demi kepentingannya.

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Abstract

This article examines the period of the British Mandate of Palestine through the Historical Method and Political Approach. Post First World War (1914-1918), the British received the mandate from the League of Nations to manage the administration of the former Arab territories which previously was a former territories of the Ottoman Empire. In this management process, there is a problem which emerged two opposing forces, namely the Zionist Jews as newcomers and the Palestinians as natives. League of Nations assigned Britain to give each of the two nations was an independent country gets a rejection by the Palestinians and  the Jews themselves. This study also studied the impact of the success of the Jews set up Israel over the plight of the Palestinians. This article wants to explain why the Palestinians have failed in establishing an independent state that the author got from various sources and data. According to the review of the author, the British Mandate era is the root and the beginning of the failure of the Palestinians to establish an independent state. There are two important factors causing this failure. First, the internal factors of the people who was in the form of an error in the strategy of Palestinians themselves. A second ,external factor which the interference of neighboring Arab states (Jordan and Egypt) who partitioning the territories of Palestine.


Keywords


British Mandate; Palestine; Arab Nationalism

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DOI: 10.15408/bat.v20i2.3762

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