1. Home
  2. Vol 26, No 2 (2020)
  3. Akmal

Conversational Implicature Analysis in “Kingdom of Heaven” Movie Script by William Monahan

Saiful Akmal, Desy Ulfa Yana

Abstract


This study was designed to discover the types of conversational implicature and the non-observance maxim of cooperative principles expressed by the characters in the Kingdom of Heaven movie script by William Monahan. The theory of Grice was applied to analyze the conversational implicature, and the qualitative approach is used to explain the conversational implicatures. After analyzing the movie, we discovered particularized implicatures as the most frequent conversational implicatures in the movie script with 14 occurrences, followed by six occurrences of generalized implicatures. The finding also revealed that the frequent use of flouting maxim of quantity occurred more frequent with 14 out of the total 20 excerpts, with violating maxim found only three times in the movie script. From this study, both findings suggested the reason behind the frequent use of flouting maxim compare to violating maxim in conversational implicature is because the speaker assumes that they will be in a safe position, and then expect the hearer to understand their points, as the speaker did not intentionally manipulate or mislead the hearer. 

Keywords


conversational implicature; movie script; Kingdom of Heaven; William Monahan

References


Adawiyah, R. (2016). Flouting Maxim Used by the Main Characters in “Focus” Movie [PhD Thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.

Agustina, D. S. (2018). Conversational Implicature in Movie Script Tangled [PhD Thesis]. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

Alduais, A. M. S. (2012). Conversational Implicature (flouting the Maxims): Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples Taken from Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at Ibb City. Journal of Sociological Research, 3(2), 376–387.

Amberg, J. S., & Vause, D. J. (2009). American English: History, Structure, and Usage. Cambridge University Press Cambridge

Beth Fisher-Yoshida, & Geller, K. D. (2012). Communicating Across Cultural Differences: Transnational Leadership. AMACOM.

Bright, F. O. (2013). Verisimilitude in Editorial Cartoons from Punch Newspaper: A Pragmatics Analysis. Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow, 13(5), 43.

Brown, G., Brown, G. D., Brown, G. R., Gillian, B., & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse Analysis. Cambridge university press.

Carston, R. (2008). Thoughts and Utterances: The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication. John Wiley & Sons.

Chapman, S., & Clark, B. (2014). Pragmatic Literary Stylistics. Palgrave Macmillan.

Cutting, J. (2005). Pragmatics and Discourse: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge.

Dewiyana, S. L. (2019). An analysis of Conversational Implicature in Avengers: Age of Ultron movie script [PhD Thesis]. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

Fatmawati, S. N. K. (2015). A Pragmatic Analysis of Maxim Flouting Performed by Solomon Northup in 12 Years a Slave Movie. Sastra Inggris-Quill, 4(1), 1–10.

Forchini, P. (2013). A Diachronic Study of Familiarizers (‘man’, ‘guys’, ‘buddy’, ‘dude’) in Movie Language. Perspectives, 21(4), 504–525.

Grice, H. P. (1975). Speech Acts. Syntax and Semantics, 3, 41–58.

Hadiati, C. (2018). The Speech Acts and Conversational Implicature of Wise’s the Sound of Music. Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Pengajarannya, 3(2).

Hang, L. T. (2013). An Investigation into Implicatures in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Danang.

Hasan, R. (2015). Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning: Selected Papers of Ruqaiya Hasan. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Haugh, M. (2014). Im/politeness implicatures. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.

Huda, M. (2013). Conversational Implicature Found in Dialogue of Euro Trip Movie. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB, 3(1).

Ifantidou, E. (2013). Pragmatic Competence and Explicit Instruction. Journal of Pragmatics, 59, 93–116.

Igwedibia, A. (2017). Grice’s Conversational Implicature: A Pragmatics Analysis of Selected Poems of Audre Lorde. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(1), 120–129.

Jafari, J. (2013). The Pragmatic Analysis of Wilde’s Comedy: The Importance of Being Ernest. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 3(12).

Kaloeti, A. K. (2012). Particularized Conversational Implicature In TV Series “NCIS: Season 2.” LANTERN (Journal on English Language, Culture and Literature), 1(2).

Kondowe, W., Ngwira, F. F., & Madula, P. (2014). Linguistic Analysis of Malawi Political Newspaper Cartoons on President Joyce Banda: Towards Grice’s Conversational Implicature.". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(7), 40–51.

Kustantini, D. (2012). A Pragmatic Analysis of Directive Speech Acts In Alice In Wonderland Movie Script (2010) [PhD Thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Lestari, O. A., Sahara, R. M., Ardhini, Z. A., & Chusna, I. (2020). Mitos dan Kritik Lingkungan dalam Film Aquaman. Buletin Al-Turas, 26(1), 85–101.

Levinson, S. C. (2000). Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. MIT Press.

Livnat, Z. (2011). Quantity, Truthfulness and Ironic Effect. Language Sciences, 33(2), 305–315.

Lubis, I. S. (2017). Conversational Implicatures of Indonesia Lawyers Club Program on TV ONE. CaLLs (Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics), 1(2), 32–44.

Martini, A. (2018). Conversational Implicature of Indonesian Students In Daily Conversation. Indonesian EFL Journal, 4(1), 93–100.

Miles, M. B., Huberman’s, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (Third Edition). SAGE Publications Inc.

Mohamed, K. O. S. (2016). Translation and Community Integration. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 53–56.

Mukaro, L., Mugari, V., & Dhumukwa, A. (2013). Violation of Conversational Maxims in Shona. Journal of Comparative Literature and Culture (JCLC), 2(4), 161–168.

Muvida, A. N. (2015). The Conversational Implicature That is Used by the Three Main Characters in Hotel Transylvania Movie. UIN Sunan Kalijaga.

Newman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. [Online]. Essex. Pearson Education.

Nugraha, R. A. (2013). Maxim Violation in Real Steel Movie: A Pragmatics Approach [PhD Thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Pop, A. (2010). Implicatures Derived through Maxim Flouting in Print Advertising. A Contrastive Empirical Approach. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, 33.

Risdianto, F. (2011). A Conversational Implicature Analysis in Oscar Wilde’s Short Story “Happy Prince.” Register Journal, 4(2), 196–213.

Rokhmania, N. (2012). Descriptive Analysis on Flouting and Hedging of Conversational Maxims in the “Post Grad” Movie. Register Journal, 5(2), 123–142.

Rundquist, S. (1992). Indirectness: A Gender Study of Flouting Grice’s Maxims. Journal of Pragmatics, 18(5), 431–449.

Sadehvandi, P. K. N. (2011). Some instances of violation and flouting of the maxim of quantity by the main characters (Barry & Tim) in Dinner for Schmucks. International Conference on Languages, Literature and Linguistics. P, 122–127.

Saldana, J. (2011). Fundamentals of Qualitative Research: Understanding Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, New York.

Setiawan, S. H. (2013). An Analysis of Flouting Maxim in the Movie “the Dark Knight Rise” Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle [PhD Thesis]. PBI.

Sirbu, A. (2015). The significance of language as a tool of communication. Scientific Bulletin" Mircea Cel Batran" Naval Academy, 18(2), 405.

Slocum, B. G. (2016). Conversational implicatures and legal texts. Ratio Juris, 29(1), 23–43.

Sobhani, A., & Saghebi, A. (2014). The Violation of Cooperative Principles and Four Maxims in Iranian Psychological Consultation. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 2014.

Stemler, S. E. (2015). Content analysis. Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, 1–14.

Sudarni, S. (2011). A Descriptive Study on Conversational Implicature Used in" Salt" Movie Script [PhD Thesis]. IAIN Salatiga.

Taghiyev, I. (2017). Violation of Grice’s Maxims and Ambiguity in English Linguistic Jokes. International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 3(7), 284–288.

Tylén, K., Weed, E., Wallentin, M., Roepstorff, A., & Frith, C. D. (2010). Language as a Tool for Interacting Minds. Mind & Language, 25(1), 3–29.

Westera, M. (2013). Attention, I’m violating a maxim! ’A unifying account of the final rise. 17th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (DialDam).

Wilson, B. G. (1995). Metaphors for instruction: Why we talk about learning environments. Educational Technology, 35(5), 25–30.

Xiaosu, Y. (2010). Conversational implicature analysis of Humour in American situation comedy “friends” [PhD Thesis]. Ghent University, Ghent.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/bat.v26i2.15356

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Saiful Akmal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.