Native Language Interference in Learning a Second Language
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to identify and investigate grammatical errors of the theses which are written by students’ Department of English Literature at one of the State Universities, Jakarta, Indonesia. The research approach is descriptive qualitative with descriptive analysis. There are five theses that are used as data sources. The data sources are the fourth chapter of the thesis that every chapter contains a conclusion and a suggestion. The study uses a non-contrastive approach by Richards to error analysis. Based on data sources, the authors found 84 errors, which can be divided into 17 types of grammatical errors. There are 29.80% of article errors, 11.90% of punctuation errors, 8.30% of unnecessary words, 6% of spelling errors, 8.30% of spacing errors, 4.80% of subject-verb agreement errors, 6% of parallel structure errors, 1.20% of word order errors, 4.80% of plural errors, 1.2% of word choice errors, 1.2% of preposition errors, 3.6% of missing words errors, 4.8% of run-on sentence errors, 4.8% of to infinitive errors, 1.2% of passive voice errors, 1.2% of capitalization errors, and 1.2% of auxiliaries errors. The results indicate that students make common grammatical errors encouraged or influenced by their first language (L1).
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menyelidiki kesalahan tata bahasa dalam skripsi yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa jurusan Sastra Inggris di salah satu Universitas Negeri, di Jakarta, Indonesia. Pendekatan dalam penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Ada lima tesis yang digunakan sebagai sumber data. Sumber data tersebut adalah bab keempat dari skripsi tersebut dimana dalam bab ini berisikan kesimpulan dan saran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan a non-contrastive dari Richards untuk menganalisis kesalahannya. Berdasarkan sumber data, penulis menemukan 84 kesalahan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi 17 jenis kesalahan tata bahasa. Ada 29,80% kesalahan artikel (article), 11,90% kesalahan punctuation (tanda baca), 8,30% dari kata-kata yang tidak perlu (unnecessary words), 6% kesalahan ejaan (spelling errors), 8,30% kesalahan spasi (spacing errors), 4,80% kesalahan subject-verb agreement, 6% kesalahan struktur paralel (parallel structure), 1,20% kesalahan urutan kata (word order), 4,80% kesalahan jamak (plural), 1,2% kesalahan pilihan kata (word choice), 1,2% kesalahan preposisi (preposition), 3,6% dari kesalahan kata yang hilang (missing words), 4,8% dari kesalahan (run-on sentence), 4,8% dari kesalahan infinitif (to infinitive), 1,2% dari kesalahan kalimat pasif (passive voice), 1,2% dari kesalahan kapitalisasi (capitalization), dan 1,2% kesalahan auxiliaries. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa membuat kesalahan tata bahasa umum dipengaruhi oleh bahasa pertama (L1) mereka.
كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن الأخطاء النحوية في البحث العلمي الذي كتبه طلاب قسم اللغة الإنجليزية و آدابها في إحدى جامعات الحكومية، بجاكرتا- إندونيسيا. و يستخدم هذا البحث المنهج النوعي الوصفي مع التحليل الوصفي. هناك خمس أطروحات تستخدم كمصادر البيانات. و مصدر البيانات هو الباب الرابع من البحث العلمی الذي يحتوي على استنتاجات واقتراحات. و تستخدم هذه الدراسة مقاربة غير متناقضة من ريتشاردز لتحليل أخطائه. و بناءً على مصدر البيانات، وجد المؤلفون 84 خطأ، والتي يمكن تقسيمها إلى 17 نوعًا من الأخطاء النحوية. و هناك 29.80٪ من أخطاء المقالة، 11.90٪ من علامات الترقيم، 8.30٪ من الكلمات غير الضرورية، 6٪ من الأخطاء الإملائية، 8،30 ٪ أخطاء التباعد، 4.80٪ أخطاء اتفاق الفعل، 6٪ أخطاء بنية متوازية، أخطاء ترتيب الكلمات 1.20٪، أخطاء الجمع 4.80٪ (الجمع)، 1.2٪ من أخطاء اختيار الكلمات، 1.2٪ من أخطاء حروف الجر، 3.6٪ من الكلمات المفقودة، 4.8٪ من جملة الجمل، 4.8٪ من الأخطاء اللانهائية، و 1.2٪ من الأخطاء الصوتية السلبية، و 1.2٪ من أخطاء الكتابة بالأحرف الكبيرة، و 1.2٪ من الأخطاء المساعدة. و تظهر النتائج أن الطلاب الذين يرتكبون أخطاء نحوية شائعة يتأثرون بلغتهم الأولى.(L1)
Keywords
References
Adiantika, H. N., & Floranti, A. D. (2019). The Use of Substitution and Its Contribution to the Text Cohesion in Students’ Expository Texts. ELT in Focus, 1(2), 44–51.
Azar, B., & Hagen, S. (2007). Understanding and Using English Grammar (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman.
Aziz, J. A. (2016). Errors Made By the Presenters of Thesis Proposal Seminar in English Study Program. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v1i1.32
Bacha, N. N. (2002). Developing learners’ academic writing skills in higher education: A study for educational reform. Language and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780208666826
Beede, P., & Mulnix, M. W. (2017). Grammar, spelling error rates persist in digital news. Newspaper Research Journal, 38(3), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532917722766
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Longman.
Fachrizal, A. (2018). The Translation Strategy of Idiomatic Expression in English Indonesian Subtitle of The in Filtrator Movie. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Febriyanti, R. H., & Sundari, H. (2016). Error Analysis of English Written Essay of Higher Efl Learners: A Case Study. 01(02), 2527–7022.
Hague, A. (2008). First Steps in Academic Writing, Second Edition. Longman.
Hasyim, S. (2002). Error Analysis in the Teaching of English. K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Language and Literature, 4(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.4.1.62-74
Herniti, E. (2017). Kesalahan Berbahasa Indonesia Tulis Pada Mahasiswa Thailand (Studi atas Pembelajar BIPA dI PPB UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA). THAQAFIYYAT: Jurnal Bahasa, Peradaban Dan Informasi Islam, 18(1), 1–18.
Heryanti, R., Sucipto, M. H., & Makmur, M. (2017). The Analysis of Common Grammatical Errors in Writing Narrative Essay of English Study Program Students At Jambi University. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 4(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.19109/ejpp.v4i2.1674
Hogue, A. (2008). First Steps in Academic Writing.
Irawati, H. (2015). Error Analysis on Grammatical Aspects of Student’s Narrative Writing (A Case Study at Economics and Business of Malikussaleh University In Academic Year 2014/2015). Getsempena English Education Journal, 2(1), 1–14.
Khansir, A. A. (2012). Error analysis and second language acquisition. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(5), 1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.5.1027-1032
Kramsch , C. (2007). Re-reading Robert Lado, 1957, Linguistics across Cultures. Applied linguistics for language teachers. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00149.x
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Pergamon Press Inc.
Nunan, D. (1989). Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Nuraini, G. (2018). Material Cultural Words Translation Procedure and Meaning Equivalence in The Revenant Novel by Michael Punke. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Phuket, P. R. N., & Othman, N. B. (2015). Understanding EFL Students’ Error in Writing. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(32), 99–106.
Putra, D. H. (2016). Compensation Strategy of Idiom Translation in Novel “The Runaway Jury (Juri Pilihan)” by John Grisham. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Qhadafi, M. R. (2018). Analisis Kesalahan Penulisan Ejaan yang Disempurnakan dalam Teks Negosiasi Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Palu. BAHASA DAN SASTRA, 3(4).
Richards, J. C. (1971). A non-contrastive approach to error analysis. ELT Journal. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/XXV.3.204
Santika, D. (2015). The Translation Strategy of Slang Expression in Comic Entitled the Punisher. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Sanu, L. O. (2016). The EFL Students’ Narrative Paragraph Writing of The Second Semester Students of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Samarinda: A Syntactic Analysis. Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching, 1(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v1i1.15
Sermsook, K., Liamnimitr, J., & Pochakorn, R. (2017). An Analysis of Errors in Written English Sentences: A Case Study of Thai EFL Students. English Language Teaching, 10(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n3p101
Shahhoseiny, H. (2015). A Study of Errors in the Paragraph Writing of EFL Learners: A Case Study of First Year Translation Students at University of Applied Science and Technology in Bushehr, Iran. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(6), 1307. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0506.26
Sukarno. (2016). The Analysis on the Grammatical Errors of the First Year Students Essays. Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24167/celt.v16i1.488
Suzanne, N. (2017). An Analysis of Preposition Errors: The Case of in, on, and at. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 11(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.24036/ld.v11i1.7408
Taufik, A. (2016). The Illocutionary Acts in Fast & Furious 7 Movie. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
DOI: 10.15408/bat.v26i1.13797
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Yasir Mubarok, Aruna Heli Nur’aisyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.