Dialektika Teks dan Konteks dalam Metode Istinbāṭ Fikih Perempuan Kontemporer

Abstract

Abstract: The Dialectics of Text and Context in Istinbāṭ Method of Contemporary Women Fiqh. Istinbāṭ method in contemporary women fiqh must be based on justice, equality before the law, freedom, responsibility, deliberation, and mu‘āsharah bi al-ma‘rūf. Some Quranic verses and Hadith explaining practical rules must be looked as sociological texts that has to be contextually understood. The method, although different with jumhūr ‘ulamā’, are not new in uṣūl al-fiqh. Because it has common ground with theories of uṣūl al-fiqh of Imām al-Shāṭibī and some Indonesian reformers.

Keywords: dialectics, istinbāṭ method, universal principles, sociological

Abstrak: Dialektika Teks dan Konteks dalam Metode Istinbāṭ Fikih Perempuan Kontemporer. Metode Istinbāṭ fikih perempuan kontemporer menempatkan dasar teologis, berupa: prinsip-prinsip kesederajatan manusia, keadilan, persamaan di depan hukum, kebebasan, tanggung jawab, musyawarah, dan mu‘āsharah bi al-ma'rūf. Ayat-ayat dan Hadis yang menjelaskan aturan praktis dipandang sebagai ayat sosiologis yang harus dipahami secara kontekstual. Metode tersebut, meskipun berbeda dengan usul fikih jumhur ulama, namun bukan merupakan hal baru dalam usul fikih, sebab memiliki titik temu dengan teori tokoh usul fikih, seperti Imām al-Shāṭibī dan tokoh pemikiran pembaruan hukum Islam di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: dialektika, metode istinbāṭ, prinsip-prinsip universal, sosiologis