The Shared Values of Sharia Banking: Non-Muslims Under The Qanun on Islamic Financial Institutons in Aceh
Abstract
The implementation of the Qanun No. 11/2018 on Sharia Financial Institutions (SFIs) has led all conventional banks to suspend their operation in Aceh. The Qanun has imposed Acehnese people to use sharia banking services. It raises the question of the extent non-Muslims accept the implementation of the Qanun on SFIs considering their civil rights and how they view the Qanun in terms of their religiosity, legal compliance, and motivation for submitting to it. This study aims to analyze the reasons why non-Muslims submit to and comply with the Qanun, as well as their experiences in receiving sharia banking services. This juridical and empirical legal research collected data from observation and in-depth interviews with nine respondents in several districts in Aceh and three people outside Aceh. It concludes that non-Muslims are generally in favor of the Qanun's implementation. They do not mind utilizing sharia financial products and services, and the Qanun's provisions do not restrict their access and interests. The administration of the banks can generally satisfy the legal requirements of offering sharia banking clients quality services irrespective of their religious background. All engagement elements are fulfilled under the civil law. The sharia banking principles has not only become shared values among different religious adherents in Aceh but also do not conflict with non-Muslim customers' beliefs, religions, and rights in terms of the priniciple of equality before the law.
Abstrak: Penerapan Qanun Nomor 11 Tahun 2018 tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) telah menyebabkan seluruh bank konvensional menghentikan operasionalnya di Aceh. Qanun tersebut telah mewajibkan masyarakat Aceh untuk menggunakan layanan perbankan Syariah. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan sejauh mana non-Muslim menerima penerapan Qanun tentang LKS dengan mempertimbangkan hak-hak sipil mereka dan bagaimana mereka memandang Qanun dalam kaitannya dengan keberagamaan, kepatuhan hukum, dan motivasi untuk tunduk pada Qanun tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan non-Muslim tunduk dan patuh terhadap Qanun, serta pengalaman mereka dalam menerima layanan perbankan syariah. Penelitian hukum yuridis dan empiris ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap sembilan responden di beberapa kabupaten di Aceh dan tiga orang di luar Aceh. Laporan ini menyimpulkan bahwa non-Muslim pada umumnya mendukung penerapan Qanun tersebut. Mereka tidak keberatan memanfaatkan produk dan jasa keuangan syariah, serta akses dan kepentingan mereka tidak dibatasi oleh ketentuan Qanun. Secara umum, administrasi bank dapat memenuhi persyaratan hukum dalam menawarkan layanan berkualitas kepada klien perbankan syariah terlepas dari latar belakang agama mereka. Seluruh unsur perikatan dipenuhi berdasarkan perspektif hukum perdata. Prinsip perbankan syariah tidak hanya menjadi nilai bersama antar umat beragama di Aceh tetapi juga tidak bertentangan dengan keyakinan, agama, dan hak nasabah non-Muslim dalam prinsip kesetaraan di hadapan hukum.
Keywords
References
Alam, N., & Al-Amri, H. A. (2020). Service quality perception and customer satisfaction in Islamic banks of Oman. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 499–504. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.499
Amin, M., Isa, Z., & Fontaine, R. (2013). Islamic banks: Contrasting the drivers of customer satisfaction on image, trust, and loyalty of Muslim and non-Muslim customers in Malaysia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(2), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321311298627
Armianti, Y. (2020). Persepsi Masyarakat Non Muslim Tentang Bank Syariah Kota Palopo (Studi Pada Kelurahan Patte’Ne). http://repository.iainpalopo.ac.id/id/eprint/3452/1/YUYUN ARMIANTI.PDF
Anggareni, Erike, Gustika Nurmalia, and A. Kumedi Ja'far. (2024), Digital Waqf Through Banking System: Millennial Moslem Behavioral Approach, El-Usroh: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, Vol. 7, No.1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22562
Aryana. (2023). Personal communication, 10 July.
Adisti, A. (2021). Preferensi Publik Terhadap Wakaf Uang di Sumatera Barat Public Preference toward Cash Waqf in West Sumatera. Al-Muzara’ah 9(1): 85–98. Doi: 10.29244/jam.9.1.85-98.
Bestari Lautama. (2023). Personal communication, 8 July.
Budiman, I. (2021). Converting Conventional Banks to Sharia Banks in Aceh: An Effort to Maintain a Stable Economy in The Covid-19 Outbreak. Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 10 (1).
Berutu, A. G. (2019) Mahkamah Syar’iyah Dan Wilayatul Hisbah Sebagai Garda Terdepan dalam Penegakan Qanun Jinayat Di Aceh. Al-Maslahah: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.24260/al-maslahah.v15i1.1367
Din, M., Abubakr, A. (2021). The Position of the Qanun Jinayat as a Forum for the Implementation of Sharia in Aceh in the Indonesian Constitution," Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 5 (2).
Daipon, D. (2020). Komparatif Hukum Acara Pidana Positif dan Hukum Acara Pidana Islam (Jinayah) Aceh dalam Proses Penyidikan. Al-Maslahah: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 10 (1)
Djawas, M., Sugirman, A., Ali, B., Affan, M., Idham, I. (2023). The Position of Non-Muslims in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Aceh, Indonesia. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 23, No 1 (2023). DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32127
Halim, A. (2022). "Non-Muslims in the Qanun Jinayat and the Choice of Law in Sharia Courts in Aceh," Human Right Review 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12142-021-00645-x.
Hamzah, H., Yudiawan, A., Umrah, St., (2021). Preference of Non-Muslim Customers
towards Islamic Banks within Muslim Minority Areas in Indonesia, Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 12 (1).
Haque, A., Osman, J., & Zaki, A. (2009). Factor Influence Selection of Islamic Banking: A Study On Malaysian Customer Preferences. American Journal of Applied Sciences.
Haque, A., Osman, J., Zaki, A., & Ismail, H. (2009). Factor Influences Selection of Islamic Banking: A Study on Malaysian Customer Preferences. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(5), 922–928.
Hasan, Z.(2009). Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah : Titik Temu Hukum Islam dan Hukum Nasional, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Ibrahim, A., & Salam, A.J. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of DSN-MUI Fatwas Regarding Murabahah Contract and the Real Context Application (A study at Islamic Banking in Aceh). Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 5 (1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.8845
Ichwan, M. N., Salim, A., Srimulyani, E. (2020). "Islam and Dormant Citizenship: Soft Religious Ethno-Nationalism and Minorities in Aceh, Indonesia," Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 31 (2): https://doi.org/1 0.1080/09596410.2020.1780407.
Kurnia, T. A. and Tripalupi, L. E. (2021). “Persepsi Masyarakat Non-Muslim Di Kecamatan Denpasar Barat Terhadap Bank Syariah.” Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Humanika 11 (3): 418–27.
Marzuki, P. M. (2013). Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Kencana.
Miryanto. (2023). Personal communication, 20 July.
Mu'alim, A. (2013). “Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Jurnal Al-Mawarid Edisi X 53 (9): 1689–99.
Mutazinur & Wahyuni, Y.S. (2021). Keamanan Individu (Personal Security) dan Qanun Hukum Keluarga: Tinjauan Konsep Keamanan Manusia (Human Security). El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 4 (1) http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v4i1.8504
Naela, H., Lestari, S. A. dan Salsabila, S. (2021). Persepsi Masyarakat Adiwerna Dalam Perkembangan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Minat Menggunakan Bank Syariah. Banco: Jurnal Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah 3; 36-45
Novita Nababan. (2023) Personal communication, 6 July.
Ramly, A., Djalil, M.A. dan Mirna Indriani. (n.d.) "Supporting Factors In Forming Islamic Village-Owned Enterprise (I- Bumdes) In Nagan Raya District."
Ramly, A., & Hamsa, A. (2023). Public Preference For Micro Waqf Banks: An Effort To Increase Community Business. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 9(2).
dan Hukum Islam 4 (1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6880
Iman Perkasa Wardoyo Putra, R., Shadiqul Fajri, M. A., & Bank, S. (2023). Non-Muslim Customers' Perceptions on Sharia Banking Services: Evidence from Bank Muamalat Indonesia. The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.58812/esee.v2i02
Rita. (2023). Personal communication, 5 July.
Salim HS, & Nurbani, E. S. (2014). Penerapan Teori Hukum pada Penelitian Disertasi dan Tesis, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014
Salim. A. (2015). Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia: Sharia and Legal Pluralism, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Samsu. (2023). Personal communication, 12 July.
Suci, A., and Hardi, H. (2020). "Literacy Experiment of Islamic Financing to Non-Muslim Small and Micro Business." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11(1): 179–91. Doi: 10.1108/JIMA-01-2019-0003.
Tektona, R.I., Susanti, D.O., Septianto, D. H. (2020). The Act Protection for Islamic Banks in Financing Land and Rubber Plantation Ownership. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Tomy. (2023). Personal communication, 10 July.
Soud, N. S., & Sayılır, Ö. (2017). Perceptions of Islamic Banking Among Muslim and Non-Muslim Citizens in Tanzania. International Journal of Islamic Economics And Finance Studies, 3(3), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8407.2017.3.3.02
Ulum, Kefi Miftachul and Mohammad Khoirul Ulum. (2023). Screening Standards in Sharia Capital Market Investor Legal Protection, El-Maslahah, Vol. 13, No. 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i1.5791
Yahya, A., Yusri. Y. Adwani, A. Adli, M. Jakfar, M, (2023). Legal Study of Building Sharia-based Investment in Aceh: The Challenges After the Enactment of the Qanun of Sharia Financial Institution, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7 (2). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17653.
Wibowo, A., dan Nia Hariyati. (2020). “Pengaruh Budaya Dan Persepsi Masyarakat Non-Muslim Terhadap Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Bank Syariah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Pembantu Bengkalis.” JPS (Jurnal Perbankan Syariah) 1(1): 29–42. Doi: 10.46367/jps.v1i1.197
Zada, K., Triana, W., Hidayah, N., & Kultsum, U. (2022). Muslim Youth Under Sharia Regime in Aceh: From Accommodation to Resistance. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 17(2); 412-433
DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v24i1.39188
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.