Women, Islamic Law and Custom in Pucuk Induk Undang Nan Limo Manuscript of Jambi
Abstract
The inheritance system within Indonesian society fundamentally intersects with the involvement of customary law and Islamic law. In the Malay Jambi customary society, a Muslim majority society, the inheritance distribution among female and male heirs has diverged from Islamic law provisions. This is evidenced in the manuscript of Pucuk Induk Undang Nan Limo. This article examines Islamic inheritance law’s norms as depicted in the manuscript and practiced by society. This is doctrinal legal research combined with socio-legal inquiry, with the manuscript of Pucuk Induk Undang Nan Limo as the primary source, supplemented by interviews with selected informants. This study finds that, among the Malay Jambi community, daughters receive more inheritance shares than sons. The daughters receive heavy property, while the sons obtain the light ones. With this arrangement, female heirs have more responsibilities, one of them being to provide shelter to their male relatives when they face problems. Furthermore, the daughters cannot independently sell the assets without the permission of their brothers or male relatives.
Abstrak: Sistem pewarisan dalam masyarakat Indonesia pada dasarnya bersinggungan dengan hukum adat dan hukum Islam. Dalam masyarakat adat Melayu Jambi yang mayoritas beragama Islam, pembagian warisan antara ahli waris perempuan dan laki-laki berbeda dengan ketentuan hukum Islam. Hal ini dibuktikan dalam naskah Pucuk Induk Undang Nan Limo. Artikel ini mengkaji norma-norma hukum waris Islam yang digambarkan dalam naskah tersebut dan dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal yang dikombinasikan dengan penelitian sosio-legal, dengan menggunakan naskah Pucuk Induk Undang Undang Nan Limo sebagai sumber utama, yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara dengan beberapa informan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, pada masyarakat adat Jambi Melayu, anak perempuan menerima lebih banyak bagian warisan daripada anak laki-laki. Anak perempuan menerima harta warisan yang berat, sedangkan anak laki-laki menerima harta warisan yang ringan. Dengan pengaturan ini, ahli waris perempuan memiliki lebih banyak tanggung jawab, salah satunya adalah menyediakan tempat berlindung bagi kerabat laki-laki ketika mereka menghadapi masalah. Selain itu, anak perempuan tidak dapat secara mandiri menjual aset tanpa izin dari saudara laki-laki atau kerabat laki-laki.
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