Bargaining Equal Spousal Roles in Marital Life: The Phenomenon of Wife-Petitioned Divorce Among Middle-Class Muslims in Yogyakarta

Muhammad Iqbal Juliansyahzen, Euis Nurlaelawati, Ocktoberrinsyah Ocktoberrinsyah

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the phenomenon of divorce petitioned by wives among middle-class Muslim communities in Yogyakarta and its relevance to their attempt to negotiate their roles in marriage. This is qualitative research based on data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Deploying a sociological approach, this study reveals that while for the majority of cases, economic problems constituted the main ground for divorce, for this case, the main grounds of divorce presented by women include failure of the spouse to express self-esteem, dissatisfaction with gender role, and differences in principles in making decisions which culminate to what we call as 'soft dispute'. The study also argues that among the middle class of society, there has been high awareness of gendered equal roles spread by social institutions and that it has, to some extent, become a threat to legal thought of male masculinity within spouses, who are both highly educated, as both spouses have not evenly held the awareness. This study argues that the 'soft dispute' brought from such conditions as mentioned above is legally considered by judges to have met or been in line with the legal ground of 'protracted disputes' specified by the laws.

  

Abstrak: 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti fenomena gugatan cerai yang diajukan oleh istri di kalangan komunitas Muslim kelas menengah di Yogyakarta dan relevansinya dengan upaya dalam menegosiasikan peran mereka dalam perkawinan. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dengan pendekatan sosiologis, studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa secara mayoritas kasus perceraian disebabkan oleh persoalan ekonomi, yang sering menjadi alasan utama. Dalam konteks perceraian ini, alasan utama perceraian yang diajukan oleh perempuan adalah kegagalan pasangan untuk mengekspresikan harga atau kehormatan diri, ketidakpuasan terhadap keseimbangan peran gender, dan perbedaan prinsip dalam mengambil keputusan, yang kesemuanya disebut sebagai ‘soft dispute’. Penelitian ini juga berargumen bahwa di kalangan masyarakat kelas menengah yang keduanya berpendidikan tinggi telah terjadi kesadaran yang tinggi tentang peran kesetaraan gender yang disebarluaskan oleh institusi sosial dan bahkan dalam batas tertentu telah menjadi ancaman terhadap pemikiran hukum tentang maskulinitas laki-laki pada pasangan. Hal ini karena kesadaran gender tersebut tidak dimiliki secara merata oleh kedua pasangan. Penelitian ini kemudian menegaskan bahwa ‘soft dispute’ yang ditimbulkan dari kondisi tersebut dianggap secara hukum oleh hakim telah memenuhi atau relevan dengan ketentuan hukum sebagai alasan perceraian, yaitu ‘perselisihan yang berlarut-larut’.


Keywords


divorce; Muslim middle-class; gender; education; economy

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DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v24i1.34038

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