Sharia and Local Wisdom in Indonesia: A Criticism of jāhiliyyah Law Misinterpretation
Abstract
There are some opinions that laws not derived from the Qur'an and hadith are jahiliyyah laws. In order to create a national law with Indonesian characters, it is necessary to accommodate the local wisdom, traditions and customs of the people. This research explores the views of Muslim scholars about the meaning of jāhiliyyah law to formulate national law with Indonesian characters. The study used a phenomenological approach showing that there are differences in viewing the notion of jahiliyyah law. Some believe that the law originating from customs and culture is jahiliyyah law, while the others argue against it. The latter considers the principle of al-‘ādah muḥakkamah, al-‘urf and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. The accommodation of local wisdom and Islamic law in the formation of national law is to ensure the plurality of national legal sources.
Keywords: jāhiliyyah law; Islamic law; custom; local wisdom
Abstrak
Ada pendapat yang berkembang bahwa hukum yang tidak bersumber dari Al-Qur'an dan hadis adalah hukum jahiliah. Untuk menciptakan hukum nasional yang berkarakter Indonesia, perlu akomodasi kearifan lokal, tradisi, dan adat istiadat. Penelitian ini menggali pandangan para cendekiawan Muslim dan ulama tentang makna hukum jahiliah dalam merumuskan hukum nasional yang berkarakter keindonesiaan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pendapat dalam memaknai hukum jahiliah. Sebagian berpendapat bahwa hukum yang bersumber dari adat dan budaya adalah hukum jahiliah, namun sebagian lainnya menentang pendapat tersebut. Pendapat terakhir mempertimbangkan prinsip al-‘ādah muḥakkamah, al-‘urf dan maqashid al-shari'ah. Dengan demikian, akomodasi kearifan lokal dan hukum Islam dalam perumusan hukum nasional diperlukan untuk menjamin pluralitas sumber hukum nasional.
Kata Kunci: hukum jahiliyyah; hukum Islam; adat; kearifan lokal
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DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v22i2.25100
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