1. Home
  2. Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 7, No. 1, May 2021
  3. Anggresani

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) From Tenggiri Fish Bones As Abrasive Material In Toothpaste Formula

Lia Anggresani, Yoli Nopita Sari, Rahmadevi Rahmadevi

Abstract


Cavities are one of the factors of dental and oral health problems that can be prevented by brushing teeth using toothpaste. Toothpaste can be made from a variety of chemicals, one of which is hydroxyapatite (HAp) which has good biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite can be obtained by utilizing tenggiri fish bone waste which has the main element of calcium. Fish bones soaked with NaOH and acetone are then calcined at 800 °C for 3 hours to obtain CaO powder and characterized its elemental content using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). CaO obtained was then reacted with (NH4)2HPO4 with a mole ratio of Ca/P 1.67 then heated at 90 °C, added NaOH up to pH 12, then the obtained deposits are filtered and calcined at 900 °C.  The solids obtained from the calcination are then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was formulated into toothpaste with the concentrations of 0% (F0), 45% (F1), 50% (F2), and 55% (F3). Toothpaste was evaluated using organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, foam height tests, dispersability tests, pH and hedonic tests. XRD analysis shows that the resulting hydroxyapatite (HAp) has a crystal structure in accordance with ICSD standard No. 96-900-3549. SEM analysis showed that granular particles measuring 0.1 μm–0.3 μm in size. All formulated toothpastes (F0, F1, F2, and F3) meet the requirements of a good toothpaste.  Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be formulated into a good toothpaste with a concentration of 45%.

Keywords


Tenggiri fish bones; Hydroxyapatite (HAp); toothpaste

References


Jadge DR, Patil SV, Purohit RN. 2008. Formulation of toothpaste from various forms and extracts of tender twigs of neem. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 1(2): 148–152.

Afni N, Said N. 2015. Uji aktivitas antibakteri pasta gigi ekstrak biji pinang (Areca catechu L .) terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Pharmacy. 1(March): 48–58.

Ahmad I. 2017. Pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai bahan abrasif dalam pasta gigi. Jurnal Galung Tropika. 6(1): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.31850/JGT.V6I1.210

Ali A, Milala MA, Gulani IA. 2015. Antimicrobial effects of crude bromelain extracted from pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus Linn.). Advances in Biochemistry 2015. 3(1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20150301.11

Andriana IKA, Murrukmihardi M, Ekowati D. 2011. Pengaruh konsentrasi tragakan terhadap mutu fisik sediaan pasta gigi ekstrak etanolik daun mahkota dewa (phaleria papuana Warb var. Wichnannii) sebagai antibakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 8(1): 66–76.

Anggresani L. 2016. Dip-costing senyawa kalsium fosfat dari batu kapur bukit tui dengan variasi rasio mol Ca/P melalui metode sol-gel. Sainstek : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi. 7(1): 33. https://doi.org/10.31958/js.v7i1.123

Anggresani L, Perawati S, Rahayu IJ. 2018. Limbah tulang ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus) sebagai sumber kalsium pada pembuatan hidroksiapatit. Jurnal Katalisator. 3(2): 153–161.

Azis Y, Jamarun N, Zultiniar AS, Nur H. 2015. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite by hydrothermal method from cockle shell (Anadara granosa). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 7(5): 798–804.

Badan Standar Nasional (SNI), Pub. L. No. 12-3524–1995 (1995).

Benediktus. 2017. Mutu fisik sediaan shampo cair ekstrak mengkoang (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr). Akademi Farmasi Putra Indonesia Malang. 1–10.

Budiatin AS, Khotib J, Hasmono D. 2016. Injektabel komposit hydroksiapatit-gelatin sebagai sistem penghantaran alendronat. Jurnal Farmasi Dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 3(1): 1–5.

Daud NS, Desi SA, Ifaya M. 2016. Formulasi pasta gigi infusa daun jambu biji (Psidium Guajavalinn) dengan variasi konsentrasi Na. Cmc Sebagai Bahan Pengikat. Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina. 1(1): 42–49.

Siregar YDI, Utami P. 2014. Pemanfaatan ekstrak kulit melinjo merah ( Gnetum Gnemon ) sebagai Pewarna Alami pada Pembuatan Lipstik. Jurnal Kimia Valensi, 4(2), 98–108.

Hanura AB, Trilaksani W, Suptijah P. 2017. Karakterisasi nanohidroksiapatit tulang tuna Thunnus sp sebagai sediaan biomaterial. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 53(9): 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Haris A, Fadli A, Yenti SR. 2016. Sintesis hidroksiapatit dari limbah tulang sapi menggunakan metode presipitasi dengan variasi rasio Ca/P dan konsentrasi H3PO4. JOM FTEKNIK. 3(2): 1–10.

Hui P, Meena SL, Singh G, Agarawal RD, Prakash S. 2010. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic powder by hydrothermal method. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering. 09(08): 683–692. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2010.98049

Ismail I, Ningsi S, Tahar N. 2014. Pengaruh jenis pengikat terhadap sifat fisika sediaan serbuk masker wajah kulit buah semangka (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad). Jurusan Farmasi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. 2(2): 80–86.

Lupita, Kadiwijati LR. 2019. Pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 70% daun landep (Barleria prionitis L.) dalam formulasi sediaan pasta gigi terhadap sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi. 15(7): 1–16.

Mahdali A, Widarsih E, Harismah K. 2017. Pengujian sifat fisika dan sifat kimia formulasi pasta gigi gambir dengan pemanis alami daun stevia. The 6th University Research Colloquium 2017. 135–138.

Manggara AB. 2018. Analisis kandungan mineral daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) menggunakan spektrometer XRF. Akta Kimia Indonesia. 3(1): 104–111.

Munasir, Triwikantoro, Zainuri, Darminto. 2012. Uji XRD dan XRF pada bahan meneral (batuan dan pasir) sebagai sumber material cerdas ( CaCO3 dan SiO2). Jurnal Penelitian Fisika Dan Aplikasinya (JPFA). June. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v2n1.p20-29

Mustaqim A. 2017. Analisa kuat tekan dan kekerasan material biokomposit hidroksiapatit tulang sapi/ shellac /tapioka. Solo (ID): Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Mutmainnah M, Chadijah S, Rustiah WO. 2017. Hidroksiapatit dari tulang ikan tuna sirip kuning (Tunnus albacores) dengan metode presipitasi. Al-Kimia. 5(2): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimia.v5i2.3422

Nagajyothi A, Gorantla N, Pavan R, Sreedhar AA. 2014. Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointments containing aqueous extract of AcalyphaIndica using different types of ointment bases. International Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2(11): 1276–1280.

Ningsih RP, Wahyuni N, Destiarti L. 2014. Sintesis hidroksiapatit dari cangkang kerang kepah (Polymesoda erosa) dengan variasi waktu pengadukan. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa. 3(1): 22–26.

Ningsih S, Hidayati L, Akbar R. 2015. Pasta zinc oxide sebagai mild astrigent menggunakan basis amilum singkong (Manihot utilisima pohl). Jurnal Farmasi Dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 7(2): 95–103.

Numberi AM, Dewipratiwi R, Gunawan E. 2020. Uji stabilitas fisik sediaan masker gel dari ekstrak alga merah (Poryphyra sp). Majalah Farmasetika. 5(1) 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v5i1.24066

Ichsan RHNA, Helwani Z. 2015. Sintesis hidroksiapatit melalui precipitated calcium carbonate (pcc) dari cangkang kerang darah dengan metode hidrotermal pada variasi waktu reaksi dan rasio Ca/P. JOM FTEKNIK. 2(2): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20555/kokugoka.71.0_80

Rajesh R, Ayyamperumal H, Natarajan S, Ravichandran D. 2012. Chitosan and natural hydroxyapatite derived from the chicken bones wasted. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4(August): 716–720.

Riyanto B, Maddu A. 2014. Material biokeramik berbasis hidroksiapatit tulang ikan tuna. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 16(2): https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v16i2.8046

Royani A, Sulistiyono E, Sufiandi D. 2016. Pengaruh suhu kalsinasi terhadap dekomposisi dolomit. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia. 18(1): 41–46.

Sadiasa A, Dong-Woo J, Deb Nath S, Seo HS, Yang HM, Lee BT. 2013. Addition of hydroxyapatite to toothpaste and its effect to dentin remineralization. Korean Journal of Materials Research. 23(3): 168–176. https://doi.org/10.3740/MRSK.2013.23.3.168

Sidiqa A, Djustiana N, Sunendar B, Febrida R. 2012. Surface modification of multilayer coatings Ti-Al-Cr and hydroxyapatite on calcium phosphate cement with sol-gel method. Journal of Dentistry Indonesia. 19(2): 43–46.

Stanek M, Peter E, Janicki B. 2013. Content of the calcium and phosphorus in the meat of Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio BLOCH, 1783) from the Lake Gopło (Poland). Journal of Central European Agriculture. 14(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.1.1145

Susanti L, Zuki M, Syaputra F. 2011. Pembuatan mie basah berkalsium dengan penambahan tulang ikan tenggiri (Somberomorus lineolatus). Jurnal Agroindustri. 1(1): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.1.1.35-44

Syurgana MU, Febrina L, Ramadhan AM. 2017. Formulasi pasta gigi dari limbah cangkang telur bebek. Proceeding of the 6th Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, November: 7–8.

Tua B, Amri A, Zultiniar. 2016. Sintesis dan karakterisasi hidroksiapatit dari cangkang kerang darah dengan proses hidrotermal variasi suhu dan pH. Jom FTEKNIK. 3(2): 1-5.

Wadu I, Rohaini IK, Gintu AR, Hartini S. 2015. Pasta gigi pencegah gigi berlubang berbahan aktif mikro hidroksiapatit (Hap) dari limbah kerabang telur pasar raya kota Salatiga. Program SIMLITABLAS (PKM). 116–124.

Wattanutchariya W, Changkowchai W. 2014. Characterization of porous scaffold from chitosan-gelatin/hydroxyapatite for bone grafting. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, 2210(January).


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v7i1.19165

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 lia anggresani, rahmadevi rahmadevi, Yoli Nopita Sari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.