Kerjasama Bilateral Indonesia-Tiongkok dalam Diplomasi Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Ida Susilowati, Anisa Nuryanti Affandi, Cut Jihan Raihana, Elsa Iqlima Az-Zahra

Abstract


In 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic emerged and shook the world. The health industry is only one of several that could encounter difficulties if countries don't prepare for them. Countries' diplomatic efforts are counted on to address health issues during a pandemic. In this situation, Indonesian and Chinese officials are working to control disease outbreaks better. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Indonesia and China devised a health diplomacy strategy; this research seeks to outline such a strategy. Specifically, this study employs a qualitative research approach, focusing on descriptive analysis. China's support for the Public Health Cooperation Capacity initiative: Program on Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capacity (ROMPT) in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic is highlighted, as is China's assistance in the form of medical equipment, cooperation in vaccine diplomacy, service in the state of advanced technology, and scientific research.

Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19; Bilateral Cooperation; Health Diplomacy; Indonesia-China.

 

Abstrak

Pada tahun 2019, pandemi Covid-19 muncul dan mengguncang dunia. Industri kesehatan hanyalah salah satu dari beberapa yang dapat menghadapi kesulitan jika negara tidak mempersiapkannya. Upaya diplomasi negara-negara diperhitungkan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan selama pandemi. Dalam situasi ini, pejabat Indonesia dan China bekerja sama untuk mengendalikan wabah penyakit dengan lebih baik. Di masa pandemi Covid-19, Indonesia dan China menyusun strategi diplomasi kesehatan; penelitian ini berusaha untuk menguraikan strategi tersebut. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, dengan fokus pada analisis deskriptif. Dukungan China terhadap inisiatif Public Health Cooperation Capacity: Program on Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capacity (ROMPT) dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 menjadi sorotan, begitu pula bantuan China berupa peralatan medis, kerja sama diplomasi vaksin, bantuan dalam bentuk teknologi canggih, dan penelitian ilmiah.

Kata Kunci: Pandemi Covid-19; Kerjasama Bilateral; Diplomasi Kesehatan; Indonesia- Tiongkok.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Adhimah (2020), Peran Orang Tua dalam Menghilangkan Rasa Canggung Anak Usia Dini (studi kasus di desa karangbong rt. 06 rw. 02 Gedangan-Sidoarjo). Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Vol. 9 (1).

Aeni, N. (2021). Pandemi COVID-19: Dampak Kesehatan, Ekonomi, dan Sosial. Jurnal Litbang Vol. 17 No. 1.

Arta, Y. B., & Hartati, A. Y. (2021). Diplomasi Indonesia di ASEAN dalam Penanganan COVID-19 Pada Tahun 2020. SENASPOLHI 3 FISIP UNWAHAS 2021. ISBN: 978-602-8273-88-6.

Carreño, I., Dolle, T., & Brandenburger, M. (1 May 2020). The implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on trade. European Journaal of Risk Regulation.

Chattu, V. K., & Chami, G. (2020). Global health diplomacy amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A strategic opportunity for improving health, peace, and well-being in the CARICOM region-A systematic review. Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 88.

Davies, S. E., & Wenham , C. (2020). Why the COVID-19 response needs international relations. International Affairs 96 (5).

Djelantik, S. (2020). Kerjasama Global Menangani The “Great Lockdown", Pendekatan Diplomasi Multijalur. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional.

Gruszczynski, L. & WU, C.-h. (September 2021). Between the High Ideals and Reality: Managing COVID-19 Vaccine Nationalism. European Journal of Risk Regulation, Vol. 12 No. 3.

Hamzani, Achmad Irwan; Hartoyo, Dwijoyo; Nuridin, Nuridin; Khasanah, Nur; Aravik, Havis; and Yunus, Nur Rohim. "Struggle for Law Principles In Law Development", Solid State Technology, Volume: 63, Issue: 6 (2020), p.1869-1879.

Hermawanto , A., & Aggraini, M. (2020). Globalisasi, Revolusi Digital dan Lokalitas: Dinamika Internasional dan Domestik di Era Borderless World. Yogyakarta: LPPM Press.

I Imanuddin, RRD Anggraeni, A Rezki, NR Yunus, 2021. Criminal Acts Of Defamation Due To Debt Collection Through Social Media. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils (NVEO) Journal 8 (4), 11685-11695.

Kurniawati, E. (2022). Peningkatan Kerja Sama Multilateral dan Bilateral Melalui Diplomasi Kesehatan Mengenai Penanggulangan Vaksin Covid-19. Jurnal Diplomasi dan Keamanan Vol. 14 No. 2.

Lee, & Smith. (2011). What is 'Global Health Diplomacy'? A Conceptual Review. Global Health Governance 5 (1).

Limantara, A. C., Gosal , E., Paramastuti , H. A., Kriswicaksana, I. B., Seva, Y., & Amalia, Z. (2021). Tujuan Diplomasi Kesehatan Indonesia di Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Kasus dalam Diplomasi Bilateral Indonesia dengan Fiji dan Kepulauan Solomon. Jurnal Sentris Edisi Khusus Diplomasi.

Lubis, & Mardiani, F. (2017). China's Relations with Developong Countries Indonenesia. Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana Vol. 1 (2).

Malik, Y. I. (2021). Kerja Sama Indonesia-Tiongkok Dalam Upaya Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional Indonesia Paca Pandemi Covid-19. SentriS Vol. 3 No. 1.

Margono, V. T., Irawan , N., Graciella, J., Calista, V. I., & Setiawan, H. K. (2021). Aktivitas Diplomasi Kesehatan Indonesia-Tiongkok di Masa Pandemi COVID-19, Jurnal Sentris Edisi khusus diplomasi.

Moleong, L. J. (2005). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mukri, S.G.; Aji, A.M.; Yunus, N.R. (2016). "Implementation of Religious Education in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia," Salam: Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, Volume 3 No. 3.

Mukri, S.G.; Aji, A.M.; Yunus, N.R. (2017). Relation of Religion, Economy, and Constitution In The Structure of State Life, STAATSRECHT: Indonesian Constitutional Law Journal, Volume 1, No. 1.

Nathanael , G. K. (2022). Pandangan Media Tiongkok Terhadap Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Pandemi COVID-19, Studi Kasus: SCMP dan XINHUA NEWS. Ekspresi dan Persepsi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 5 No. 1.

Prompetchara, E.; Ketloy C. & Palaga, T. (2020). Immune Responses in Covid-19 and Potential vaccines: Lessons Learned from SARS and MERS Epidemic. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology 38 (1).

Purwono, A. (2021). ASEAN dalam Tantangan: Diplomasi Dalam Mengatasi Pandemi Covid- 19, Interdependence Journal of International Vol. 2 No. 1.

Rohman, A., & Amaliyah, R. (4 Agustus 2019). Diplomasi Islam Indonesia-Tiongkok. JISIERA: The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations Vol. 4, ISSN 2528-3472.

Salsabila, A. F., & Amin, K. Diplomasi Kesehatan Global China Sebagai Upaya Membangun Citra Kepemimpinan Global: Analisis Konstruktivisme. Borneo Student Research, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021).

Sari , O. (1 Feb 2016). Perubahan Kebijakan kerjasama Indonesia-Tiongkok Pada masa Pemerintahan Jokowi (2014-2015). JOM FISIP , Vol. 3 No. 1.

Sari, V. Y. (2021). Analisis Respons Pemerintah Tiongkok dalam Upaya Penanganan Covid-19. Journal Sentris, Vol. 2 No. 9.

Setiawan , A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Upaya Diplomasi Vaksin Indonesia Melalui Jalur Multilateral dan Bilateral. INDEPENDEN, Vol 3 No. 1.

Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan , A., Al-Jabir, A., Losifidis, C., Agha, C. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.

Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan (pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan r & d). Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.

Triwibowo, A., & Martha, J. (2021). Diplomasi Middle-Power Indonesia di Masa Pandemi. Indonesian Perspective Vol.6 No. 2.

Yunus, N.R.; Anggraeni, RR Dewi.; Rezki, Annissa. (2019). "The Application of Legal Policy Theory and its relationship with Rechtsidee Theory to realize Welfare State," 'Adalah, Volume 3, No. 1.

Website

Arif Budiansyah, CNBC Indonesia (9 Mret 2020). Diakses dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20200309114008-37-143389/raksasa-teknologi-china-siapkan-inovasi-deteksi-virus-corona pada 24 September 2022.

Djalal, D. D. (29 Januari 2020). New Dynamics Emerge in Indonesia-China Relations. Diakses dari https://www.kalderanews.com/2020/01/new-dynamics-emerge-in-indonesia-china-relations/ pada 20 September 2022.

Grossman, D. (2021, Juni 7). Indonesia Is Quietly Warming Up to China. Diakses dari https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/07/indonesia-china-jokowi-natuna-sea-military-bri-cooperation-biden-united-states/ pada 20 September 2022.

Indonesia, C. (2020, Desember 7). Ahli: Distribusi Sinovac Tak Sesulit Vaksin Pfizer-Moderna. Diakses dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20201207141443-199-578923/ahli-distribusi-sinovac-tak-sesulit-vaksin-pfizer-moderna pada 20 September 2022.

JOINT STATEMENT 8 th ASEAN-China Health Ministers Meeting 15 May 2022, Bali, Indonesia.

Josh Holder (updated 4 September 2022), Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World. The New York Times. Diakses dari https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html pada 20 September 2022.

Lee Siu Hin, August 25, (2020). Mundo Obrero; Workers World: WORKERS AND OPPRESSED PEOPLES OF THE WORLD UNITE. Diakses dari https://www.workers.org/2020/08/50824/ pada 23 September 2022.

Li, J., Huang, D.Q., Zou, B., Yang, H., Hui, W.Z., Rui F., Yee, N.T.S., Liu, C., Nerurkar S.N., Kai, J.C.Y., Teng, M.L.P., Li, X., Zeng, H., Borghi, J.A., Henry, L., Cheung, R. & Nguyen, M.H. Epidemiology of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes. J Med Virol, August.

Marsudi, R. (2021). Indonesia dan Tiongkok Sepakat Perkuat Kolaborasi untuk Dorong Pemulihan Ekonomi dan Tangkal Pandemi. Diakses dari https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2069/berita/indonesia-dan-tiongkok-sepakat-perkuat-kolaborasi-untuk-dorong-pemulihan-ekonomi-dan-tangkal-pandemi pada 21 September 2022.

Perpustakaan Lemhannas RI (page5). Diakses dari http://lib.lemhannas.go.id/public/media/catalog/0010-011600000000244/swf/5560/files/basic-html/page5.html pada 25 September 2022.

Qian, X. (11, Juli 2020). Solidarity in a Time of Adversity. Retrieved from Embassy of The People's Republic of China In The Republic Of : http://id.china-embassy.org/eng/sgdt/t1797024.htm, http://id.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/gdxw/202007/t20200711_2048071.htm diakses pada 20 September 2022

Rakhmat, M. Z. (2020, Oktober 26). Growing ties between Indonesia and China may hurt US-Indonesia relationship. Diakses dari https://theconversation.com/growing-ties-between-indonesia-and-china-may-hurt-us-indonesia-relationship-148532 pada 20 September 2022.

Siaran Pers, Refelksi Dua Tahun Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia: Pencegahan Bahaya Terabai, Pendataan Kematian Terbengkalai, diakses dari https://laporcovid19.org/post/refleksi-dua-tahun-pandemi-covid-19-di-indonesia-pencegahan-bahaya-terabai-pendataan-kematian-terbengkalai pada 25 September 2022.

S. Strangio (22 April 2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Delays Push Indonesia Into Reliance on China. The Diplomat. Diakses dari https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/covid-19-vaccine-delays-push-indonesia-into-reliance-on-china/ pada 20 September 2022.

Strangio, S. (22 April 2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Delays Push Indonesia Into Reliance on China. The Diplomat. Diakses dari https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/covid-19-vaccine-delays-push-indonesia-into-reliance-on-china/ pada 20 September 2022.

WHO, 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Diakses dari https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov pada 19 September 2022




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v10i1.31116 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.