Transformasi Risk Based Approach Menuju Human Rights Impact Assesment Pada Klaster Perizinan Usaha Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Dalam Memperkuat Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)

Indra Rahmatullah

Abstract


The shift from a licensed based approach to a risk-based approach in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation in business licensing clusters has not been able to guarantee that the business operation respect human rights. The Business and Human Rights approach in the UNGPS initiated by John Ruggie in 2011 is still in form of soft law (guidelines) so it cannot be legally binding. The National Action Plan for Human Rights 2021-2025 has not specifically addressed the central issue of business and human rights comprehensively. Moreover, the company still has different views on using this approach both internally and externally. This condition has an impact on the slow implementation of the business and human rights approach in Indonesia which is still in the dissemination stage. To obtain a comprehensive analysis, the research uses a normative methodology with a statutory approach. The indicators that become the parameters of Business and Human Rights are international human rights instruments that have been ratified so that they are different from similar approaches such as the CSR concept. Business and Human Rights emphasize on the aspect of corporate responsibility for the potential and factual impacts of the company's operations. Therefore, the objective of the Human Rights Due Diligence is a risk mitigation to ensure that companies are seeking business licenses in Indonesia do not violate human rights and do not harm all stakeholders.

Kata Kunci: Business; Soft Law; Human Right

 

Abstrak

Pergeseran konsep licensed based approach ke risk based approach dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja pada klaster perizinan usaha belum dapat menjamin bidang usaha yang mengajukan izin operasional dapat menghormati HAM. Pendekatan Bisnis dan HAM dalam UNGPS yang digagas John Ruggie sejak tahun 2011 masih bersifat soft law (pedoman) sehingga belum dapat mengikat secara hukum. Rencana Aksi Nasional HAM Tahun 2021-2025 juga belum secara spesifik menempatkan isu sentral bisnis dan HAM secara komprehensif. Apalagi baik di internal maupun eksternal perusahaan masih terjadi perbedaan pandangan untuk menggunakan pendekatan ini. Kondisi ini berdampak pada lambatnya penerapan pendekatan bisnis dan HAM di Indonesia yang masih dalam tahap diseminasi. Untuk mendapatkan analisis yang lengkap, penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Indikator-indikator yang menjadi parameter Bisnis dan HAM adalah instrumen-instrumen HAM internasional yang telah diratifikasi sehingga berbeda dengan pendekatan serupa seperti konsep CSR. Bisnis dan HAM lebih menekankan pada aspek pertanggungjawaban perusahaan terhadap dampak operasional perusahaan yang potensial dan faktual. Oleh karena itu, masuknya konsep Human Rights Due Diligence (uji tuntas HAM) adalah sebagai upaya mitigasi resiko untuk memastikan perusahaan yang ingin mendapatkan perizinan berusaha di Indonesia tidak melanggar HAM dan tidak merugikan semua pemangku kepentingan.

Kata Kunci: Bisnis; Soft Law; Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i6.23736 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

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