Pemuliaan Islam Terhadap Kaum Wanita Dalam Perspektif Alquran dan Hukum Positif

Siti Ngainnur Rohmah

Abstract


Abstract

The phenomenon of cases of harassment and opposition to women in Indonesia is not in accordance with Islamic teachings. Because basically Islam is very glorifying women and upholds the dignity of women. There are several verses which are often wrong and are used as evidence to legitimize the action. This paper presents the interpretation of specific Qur'anic verses on the interpretation of adabi ijtima'i related to the equal rights of men and women in society. There are two interpretations that will be the object of this research, namely Safwah al-Tafasir by Muhammad ‘Ali al-Sabuni and Tafsir al-Misbah by Muhammad Quraish Shihab. This paper examines the analysis and critical discussion of Muhammad ‘Ali al-Sabuni and Muhammad Quraish Shihab on the correctional of women and equality of women in Islam.

Keywords: Discrimination, Women, Men, and Breeding

 

Abstrak

Fenomena kasus pelecehan dan diskriminasi terhadap kaum wanita di Indonesia sesungguhnya tidak sejalan dengan ajaran Islam. Karena pada dasarnya Islam sangat memuliakan wanita dan menjunjung tinggi martabat wanita. Ada beberapa ayat yang sering salah dipahami dan dijadikan dalil untuk melegitimasi tindakan tersebut. Tulisan ini menyajikan penafsiran ayat-ayat Alquran khususnya tafsir adabi ijtima’i terkait dengan persamaan hak kaum laki-laki dan perempuan dalam bermasyarakat. Ada dua tafsir yang akan menjadi objek penelitian ini, yaitu Safwah al-Tafasir karya Muhammad ‘Ali al-Sabuni dan Tafsir al-Misbah karya Muhammad Quraish Shihab. Tulisan ini mengupas secara analitis dan mengeksplorasi secara kritis pandangan Muhammad ‘Ali al-Sabuni dan Muhammad Quraish Shihab terhadap pemuliaan perempuan dan persamaan hak kaum laki-laki dengan perempuan di dalam Islam.

Kata Kunci: Diskriminasi, Perempuan, Laki-laki, dan Pemuliaan


Full Text:

PDF

References


Buku-buku

Al-Alusi, Abu al-Fadl Shihab al-Din al-Sayyid Mahmud Ruh al-Maʻani Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1987, jilid 30.

Al-‘Asqalani, Sihabuddin Abi al-Fadl Ahmad bin ‘Ali bin Muhammad bin Hajar, al-‘Ujab fi Bayan al-Asbab Beirut: Dar Ibnu Hazm, 2002.

Al-‘Asqalani, Sihabuddin Abi al-Fadl Ahmad bin ‘Ali bin Muhammad bin Hajar, Fath al-Bari bisharah Sahih al-Bukhari Kairo: al-Maktabah al-Salafiyah, t.th., jilid 8.

Al-Asbahi, Abu ʻAbd Allah Malik bin Anas bin Malik bin Abu ʻAmir (Tahqiq Muhammad Fu’ad ʻAbd al-Baqi), al-Muwatta’ Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, t.th., jilid I.

Al-Baidawi, Nasir Al-Din Abu Sa’id Abd Allah Ibnu ‘Umar bin Muhammad al-Sayrazi, Tafsir Al-Baidawi, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1971.

Abu Dawud, Sunan Abi Dawud ( Tahqiq Muhammad Muhyi al-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid) Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t.th.

Al-Bukhary, Sahih Al-Bukhary, Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir al-Yamamah, 1987/1407, Cet III.

Ahmed, Leila, Wanita & Gender Dalam Islam, Jakarta: PT. Lentera Basritama, 2000.,

Al-Nawawi, Sharah Al-Nawawi ‘ala Sahih Muslim, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Alamiyah, t.th., jilid 10

Abu al-Shaikh ( Tahqiq Rida’ Allah al-Mubarakfuri), Al-‘Azimah Riyad: Dar al-‘Asimah, 1988, jilid 3.

Abu Ya’la ( Tahqiq Husain Salim Asad) Musnad Abi Ya’la Damaskus: Dar al-Makmun li al-Turath, 1984.

Frederspiel, Howard M., Kajian al-Qur'an di Indonesia dari Mahmud Yunus hingga Quraish Shihab, alih bahasa Tajul Arifin (Bandung: Mizan, 1996

Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, t.th., jilid 2.

Ibnu Abi ‘Asim ( Tahqiq Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Bani), al-Sunah Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1985.

Ibnu Abi Hatim, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azim Makkah al-Mukarramah: Maktabah Nazar Mustafa al-Baz, cet. I

Ibnu Hanbal, Ahmad, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami wa Dar Sadir, t.th.

Ibnu Kathir, Abu al-Fida’ Ismaʻil bin ʻUmar ( Tahqiq Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakfuri), Mukhtasar Tafsir Ibnu Kathir Riyad: Muntada al-Thaqafah, 2013, cet. I.

Ibnu Khalifah ‘Ulyawi. Jami‘al-Nuqul fī Asbab al-Nuzul wa Sharh Ayatiha Riyad: Mutabi‘.

Ibnu Majah (Tahqiq Fawwaz Ahmad Zamrili), Sunan Ibnu Majah Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, t.th.

Ibn al-Manzur, Lisan al-‘Arab, Beirut: Dar Sadir, tth.

Ibnu Hibban, al-Thiqat Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t.th.

Al-Imam Ahmad, ‘Abdullah Ibnu (Tahqiq Muhammad al-Qahtani) , al-Sunah Riyad: Al-Sa’udiyyah, 1994, Jilid 4

Izutsu, Toshihiko, God and Man in The Koran: Semantics of The Koranic Weltanschauung Tokyo: The Keio of Cultural and Linguistic Studies, 1964.

Al-Maliki, Muhammad ibn ‘Alawi, Samudra Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Ringkasan Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm Al-Qur’an Bandung: Mizan Pustaka,2003, 25.

Malik, Abu ʻAbd Allah Malik bin Anas bin Malik bin Abu ʻAmir al-Asbahi (Tahqiq Muhammad Fu’ad ʻAbd al-Baqi, al-Muwatta’ Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, t.th., jilid I.

Al-Mubarakfuri, ʻAbd al-Rahman, Tuhfah al-Ahwadhi Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t.th., cet. III, jilid 9.

Al-Mubarakfuri, Safi al-Rahman, Sirah Nabawiyyah Riyad: Dar al-Salam, cet. 1414 H.

Muslim, Sahi Muslim, Beirut: Dar Ihya Turath al-‘Arabi, tth. Cet. 22.

Nagel, Tilman The History of Islamic Theology from Muhammad to the Present, trans. Thomas Thornton Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2000, 10.

Al-Nasa'i (Tahqiq ‘Abd al-Ghaffar al-Bandari dan Sayyid Hasan), Sunan Al-Nasa'i (al-Kubra Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Alamiyah, 1992).

al ‘Ak, Abdul Rahman, Ushul al Tafsir wa Qawa’iduhu, (Beirut: Dar al Nafais, 1986)

Abu-Zayd, Nasr Hamid, Mafhum an-Nash Dirasah Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an, terj.Khoiron Nahdliyyin Yogyakarta: PT LKIS Pelangi Aksara.

Al-Qaradawy, Yusuf, Berinteraksi Dengan Al-Qur’an Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, Cet, II, 2000, 531.

Al-Qaradawy, Yusuf, Fiqh Daulah Cairo: Dar Quba, tth.

Shihab, Muhammad Quraish, Membumikan al-Qur'an: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat (Bandung: Mizan, 1999).

Shihab, Muhammad Quraish, Mu'jizat al-Qur'an Ditinjau dari Aspek Kebahasaan, Isyarat Ilmiah dan Pemberitaan Gaib (Bandung: Mizan, 2001.

Al-Qurtuby, al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Qur’an, Cairo: Dar Sha’b, 1372 H, Cet. II, XII

Ricoeur, Paul, From Text to Action, translated by Kathleen Blamey New York: Continuum, 2008.

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, Hermeneutic and Criticism, translated and edited by Andrew Bowie Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1998.

Al-Sabuni, Muhammad ‘Ali, al-Tibyan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an Beirut: Dar el-Qalam, 1984, 27-29.

Al-Sabuni, Muhammad ‘Ali, ”Rawai‘ al-Bayan Tafsir ayat al-Ahkam min al-Qur’an Jakarta: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, 1999.

Al-Sabuni, Muhammad ‘Ali, Safwah al-Tafasir Kairo: Dar al-Sabuny, 1980.

Ash-shiddieqy,Teungku M.Hasbi, Sejarah dan Pengantar Ilmu Hadith, (Semarang;PT.Pustaka Rizki Putra,2009).

Shaleh dkk, Asbabun nuzul, Semarang: Diponegoro, 2009.

Sherif, Faruq, Al-Qur’an Menurut Al-Qur’an (Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta, 2001).

Al-Suyuty, Jalal al-Din, al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar Fikr, tth.

Al-Suyuty, Jalal al-Din, Al- Dur al-Manthur, Beirut: Dar Fikr, tth.

Al-Suyuty, Jalal al-Din, Al-Lubab al-Nuqul fi Asbab al-nuzul Beirut: Dar Fikr, tth.

Syafrudin, U, Paradigma Tafsir Tekstual dan Kontekstual Usaha Memaknai Kembali Pesan al-Qur’an Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar, Cet, I, 2009.

Al-Tabariy, Abu Ja’far Muhammad Ibnu Jarr, Jami’ al-bayan ’an Ta’wil ay Al-Quran (Mesir: Isa al-Babi Al-Halabi, 1954), jilid 30.

Al-Tabrani, al-Mu’jam al-Kabir Kairo: Maktabah Ibnu Taimiyah, t.th.

Al-Tabrani (Tahqiq ‘Abd al-Rahman ‘Uthman), al-Mu’jam al-Saghir Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami, t.th, jilid 2

Al-Tirmidhi (Tahqiq Ahmad Shakir wa Jama’ah), Sunan Al-Tirmidhi Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, t.th.

Al-Wahidi, Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Ali. Asbab Nuzul al-Qur’an Kairo: Maktabah al-īman, 1996.

Wansbrough's, John, “Quranic studies: sources and methods of scriptural interpretation.”

Al-Zamakhshari, Abu al-Qasim Jar Allah Mahmud bin ‘Umar bin Muhammad Tafsir al-Kashshaf, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.t.th.

E-Journal:

Abu-Zayd, Nasr Hamid. "The Dilemma of the Literary Approach to the Qur'an." Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 23, Literature and the Sacred (2003): 8-47. Published by: Department of English and Comparative Literature, American University in Cairo and American University in Cairo Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1350075 (Accessed: 10/02/2014 01:44).

Abu-Zayd, Nasr Hamid. "Women's Question Between the Hammer of Modernity and the Anvil of Traditions: A Study in the History of Texts." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 19, Gender and Knowledge: Contribution of Gender Perspectives to Intellectual Formations (1999): 29-65. Published by: Department of English and Comparative Literature, American University in Cairo andAmerican University in Cairo Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/521927(Accessed: 28/01/2014 03:34)

Achrati, Ahmed. "Arabic Qur’ānic Speech and Postmodern Language. What the Qur’ān Simply Says." Arabica, T. 55, Fasc. 2 (Apr., 2008), pp. 161-203Published by: BRILLStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25162279. (Accessed: 28/01/2014 05:07).

l-Sharfī, Bassām al-Jamal Abd al-Majīd. "Asbāb al-nuzūl: ̒ilman min ̒ulūm al-Qur̒ān." Journal of Qur'anic Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2007), pp. 111-116Published by: Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the Centre for Islamic Studies at SOASStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25728238 accessed: 22/01/2014 03:20

Barlas, Asma. "The Qur'an and Hermeneutics: Reading the Qur'an's Opposition to Patriarchy." Journal of Qur'anic Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2001): 15-38Published by: Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the Centre for Islamic Studies at SOASStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25728036 (accessed: 28/01/2014 04:22).

Rippin, A. "The Exegetical Genre "asbāb al-nuzūl": A Bibliographical and Terminological Survey." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 48, No. 1 (1985): 1-15. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of School of Oriental and African Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/618768. (Accessed: 10/02/2014 00:39).

Rippin, A. "The Function of "Asbāb al-nuzūl" in qur'ānic Exegesis." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 51, No. 1 (1988): 1-20. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of School of Oriental and African Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/618665. (Accessed: 10/02/2014 00:31).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i4.14963 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.