The Social Authority of Village Shamans in Kayong Land: A Social Capital Perspective

Abstract

The term shaman is generally associated with negative practices in society. However, village shamans also perform constructive roles in maintaining social and cultural life. This phenomenon can be observed in Mas Bangun Village, Teluk Batang Subdistrict, North Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan. This study aims to examine the social mechanisms through which village shamans gain recognition and authority within the community. It also analyzes their contributions to traditional healing, social cohesion, and the preservation of local traditions. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observations, interviews with six informants, and documentation. The findings show that the social position of village shamans is closely related to three aspects of social capital: trust, social relationships, and norms. Community trust develops through recognition of their assistance to residents, while relationships with community members and the village government strengthen their social position. Village shamans also participate in maintaining customary norms and practices. They perform three important social functions: participating in rituals associated with human life and nature, strengthening social cohesion and a sense of security, and offering alternative healing services. These findings suggest that the authority of village shamans is shaped by local beliefs, social contributions, and continuing recognition within the community.