PERILAKU MAKAN MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Abstract
Abstrak
Kegiatan konversi lahan di Kalimantan Barat yang cenderung terus meningkat dapat berdampak negatif bagi ketersediaan pangan masyarakat desa yang masih melakukan food gathering dan berburu dari suplai alami di sekitar desa atau berternak dengan skala keluarga. Perilaku makan yang salah disertai lokasi desa yang relatif jauh dari fasilitas kesehatan yang lengkap turut menambah risiko kesehatan dan kematian pada masyarakat desa tersebut. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dan menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku makan tiga etnis berbeda di Kalimantan Barat, mencakup Dayak, Madura dan Tionghoa, terkait penurunan ketersediaan lahan sebagai sumber pangan. Survei dilakukan di empat kabupaten dan satu kota dengan sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi etnis Dayak (Kanayatn, Muduk, Ketungau Sesae’), Madura danTionghoa. Data perilaku makan dianalisis secara deskriptif mencakup frekuensi dan rutinitas makan, keragaman sumber makanan, estimasi pengeluaran energi harian dan klasifikasi aktivitas fisik sehari penuh, serta kondisi fisik sebagai manifestasi kegiatan makan dari 293 partisipan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku makan masyarakat pedesaan Kalimantan Barat adalah pekerjaan, keterlibatan individu dalam kelompok sosial, serta ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan sumber makanan. Konversi lahan hutan dan kebun akan mempengaruhi ketersediaan sumber makanan yang terjangkau termasuk perilaku makan sehat dan seimbang pada masyarakat pedesaan di Kalimantan Barat.
Abstract
Most rural communities in West Kalimantan were facing negative impact of increasing land conversion activities on their natural food supply. Improper eating behavior and limited health facilities may give more health and death risk to these people. This research described and determined the factors that influenced the eating behavior among three ethnics in West Kalimantan, namely Dayak, Madura and Chinese populations, and the potential impact of land conversion to it. Survey was conducted in four regencies and one city and random sampling was done in three sub ethnics of Dayak (Muduk, Kanayatn, and Ketungau Sesae’), Madura, and Chinese communities. The eating behavior data was analyzed descriptively included meal frequency and routines, the variety of daily food source, individual estimates of energy expenditure, body mass index (BMI) distribution, and sports habit among 293 participants. Four main factors influenced the eating behavior of rural communities in West Kalimantan including types of occupation, individual involvement in social groups, and the availability and affordability of food source. The land conversion activity will certainly influence the affordable food source availability and the eating behavior for healthy and balanced food among the rural communities in West Kalimantan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.7615 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
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