PERJUANGAN KEAGAMAAN DAN SPIRITUAL DALAM PENELITIAN PSIKOLOGI: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL STRUGGLES IN PSYCHOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/jpa.vi.51627Keywords:
psychological wellbeing, religious struggles, spiritual struggles, pergumulan keagamaan, pergumulan spiritual, kesejahteraan psikologisAbstract
Abstrak
Tujuan – Tinjauan Literatur ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis definisi serta instrumen pengukuran RSS yang telah divalidasi; (2) memetakan landasan teori yang mendasari penelitian RSS; (3) mengidentifikasi anteseden, mediator/moderator, dan outcome dari RSS; serta (4) mengidentifikasi gap penelitian yang masih perlu dijawab.
Metode – Protokol pencarian literatur mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020 dengan menggunakan basis data Science Direct (Elsevier). Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah artikel empiris berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2020-2025, menggunakan instrumen tervalidasi, dan berfokus pada konstruk RSS.
Hasil – Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS; Exline et al., 2014) merupakan instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan dengan enam dimensi: divine struggles, demonic struggles, interpersonal struggles, moral struggles, ultimate meaning struggles, dan doubt struggles. Anteseden RSS meliputi faktor demografis, pengalaman traumatik, dan kondisi kesehatan mental. Outcome RSS mencakup distres psikologis, pertumbuhan pasca-trauma, dan penurunan kesejahteraan spiritual. Beberapa variabel berperan sebagai mediator dan moderator, termasuk kepercayaan dasar (basic trust) dan dukungan sosial berbasis agama.
Originalitas/Kebaruan – Gap penelitian yang teridentifikasi mencakup minimnya penelitian lintas budaya, kurangnya studi longitudinal, dan absennya kajian pada populasi non-Barat.
Kata Kunci: pergumulan keagamaan, pergumulan spiritual, kesejahteraan psikologis
Abstract
Objective – This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to: (1) identify and synthesize validated definitions and measurement instruments for RSS; (2) map the theoretical foundations underlying RSS research; (3) identify antecedents, mediators/moderators, and outcomes of RSS; and (4) identify research gaps that still need to be addressed.
Method – The literature search protocol followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the Science Direct (Elsevier) databases. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were empirical articles in English or Indonesian published between 2020 and 2025, using validated instruments, and focusing on the RSS construct.
Results – Findings indicate that the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS; Exline et al., 2014) is the most widely used instrument, with six dimensions: divine struggles, demonic struggles, interpersonal struggles, moral struggles, ultimate meaning struggles, and doubt struggles. RSS antecedents include demographic factors, traumatic experiences, and mental health conditions. RSS outcomes include psychological distress, post-traumatic growth, and decreased spiritual well-being. Several variables act as mediators and moderators, including basic trust and faith-based social support.
Originality/Novelty – Identified research gaps include a lack of cross-cultural research, a lack of longitudinal studies, and the absence of studies in non-Western populations.
Keywords – religious struggles, spiritual struggles, psychological well-being.
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