Political Public Sphere and Mass Media: Critical Perspective
Abstract
Abstract. This paper aims to explain how political public sphere occurs in Republika media. Mass media as a public sphere ideally provides space for audiences to get balanced information and news related to developing political issues. Not being an apartus of power or entrepreneurs, but bridging public interests. This study uses qualitative research with a critical paradigm. The findings of this study are that Republika provides political public sphere for various political party backgrounds, news for Islamic and nationalist based parties are given the same space. Mass media as a public sphere is often used by rulers and businessmen for their political interests. Journalists as professional journalists can interact directly with politicians, with the limitation of not being allowed to led to the political publicity of the former owner of the Mahaka Group who became Minister of BUMN of the Republic of Indonesia.
Keywords: Mass media, republika, public sphere, politics.
Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ruang publik politik yang terjadi di media Republika. Media massa sebagai ruang publik idealnya memberikan ruang bagi khalayak untuk mendapatkan informasi dan berita yang seimbang terkait isu-isu politik yang berkembang. Tidak menjadi apartus kekuasaan maupun pengusaha, namun menjembatani kepentingan-kepentingan publik. Kajian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma kritis. Temuan penelitian ini Republika memberikan ruang publik politik bagi berbagai latar belakang partai politik pemberitaan untuk partai berbasis islam maupun nasionalis diberikan ruang yang sama. Media massa sebagai ruang publik kerap digunakan oleh penguasa dan pengusaha untuk kepentingan politik mereka. Wartawan sebagai jurnalis profesional dapat berinteraksi langsung dengan politisi, dengan batasan tidak boleh masuk dalam struktur partai. Disisi lain ditemukan adanya pemberitaan yang mengarah kepada publisitas politik mantan pemilik Mahaka Grup yang menjadi Menteri BUMN Republik Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Media masa, republika, ruang publik, politik.
Keywords
References
Adut, A. (2012). “A Theory of the Public Sphere,
Sociological Theory”, American Sociological Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, December https://www.jstor.org/stable /41818929.
Adut, A. (2008). On Scandal, New York: Cambridge University.
Alexander, J.C. (2006). The civil sphere, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Althusser, L. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation)", http://www.christiansciencemonitor. org/ 2002/1205/p01s03-wome.html. artikel diakses pada November 2022
Anechiarico, F., & Jacobs, J. B. (1996). The Pursuit of Absolute Integrity: How Corruption Control Makes Government Ineffective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Blumler. J. G. (2018). The Crisis of Public Communication, 1995–2017, Javnost – The Public, DOI: 10.1080/13183222. 2018.1418799
Calhoun, C. (1993). “Civil Society and the Public Sphere”, Public Culture, 5, h. 267-280.
Enjolras, B., & Johnsen, K. S. (2014).
Ytringsfrihet og sosiale medier, In Enjolras, B., Rasmussen, T. & Steen-Johnsen, K. (Eds.). Status for ytringsfriheten i Norge. Hovedrapport fra prosjektet. Oslo: Fritt Ord, ISF, IMK, FAFO.
Enjolras, B. dkk, (2013). Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations – transcending participatory divides? New Media & Society, h. 15:6, 890–908.
Enjolras, B., & Johnsen, K. S. (2017). The Digital Transformation of the Political Public Sphere: a Sociological Perspective, dalam
Institutional Change in the Public Sphere, Editor(s): Fredrik Engelstad, Håkon
Larsen, Jon Rogstad, Kari Steen-Johnsen,
Dominika Polkowska, Andrea S. DauberGriffin and Adam Leverton, Published by: De Gruyter, https://www.jstor.org/stable/ j.ctvbkk05k.8.
Garment, S. (1991). Scandal: The Culture of Mistrust in America, New York: Random.
Frazer, J. G. (1994). The Golden Bough, (Oxford: Oxford University
Fahrudin, D. (2013). Konglomerasi Media Studi Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Media Group, Jurnal Visi Komunikasi. Vol. 12, No. 01.
Fahrudin, D. (2016). Konglomerasi Media, Studi Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Grup Media Transcorp, Jurnal Dakwah, ISSN1411-2779. Vol.20, No. 1.
Fuchs, C. (2020). Political Communication in the Public Sphere. In Communication and Capitalism: A Critical Theory (Vol. 15, pp. 197–216). University of Westminster Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12fw7t5.12
Harvey, A. (1999). Partisanship as a Social Convention, New York University.
Habermas, J. (1964), The Public Sphere:
An Encyclopedia Article, New German Critique, (3). Autumn, 1974, pp. 49-55.
Habermas, J. (2007). Ruang Publik; Sebuah Kajian Kategori Masyarakat Borjuis, Penerjemah Yudi Santoso, Kreasi Wacana.
Heryanto, G. G. dkk. (2021). Strategi Komunikasi Politik: Sebuah Pendekatan Teoretis dan Praktis, Yogyakarta: Ircisod.
Lim, M. (2012). The League of Thirteen: Media Concentration in Indonesia, Research report, Tempe, AZ: Participatory Media Lab at Arizona State University
Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K, A. (2011) Theories of Human Communication, (Illionis: Waveland Press, Inc.)
Malinowski, B. (1926). Criime and Custom in Savage Society, New York: Humanities Press.
Manin B. (1997). The Principles of Representative Government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mc. Carthy, T, (2006). Teori Kritis Jürgen Habermas, penerjemah Nurhadi, Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.
Peters, B. (2008). On public deliberation and public culture, In Wessler, H. (Ed.) Public Deliberation and Public Culture. The writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2005. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, h. 68–118.
Peters, B. (2008). The Meaning of The Public Sphere, In Wessler, H. (Ed.) Public Deliberation and Public Culture. The writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2005, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, h. 33–67
Rasmussen, T. (2008). The Internet and Differentiation in the Political Public Sphere. Nordicom Review, 29(2), 73–84
Sunstein, C. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Steiner, F. (1956). Taboo, Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
Steele, J. (2018). Mediating Islam: Jurnalisme Kosmopolitan di Negara-negara Muslim Asia Tenggara, Yogyakarta: Bentang,
Utomo, A. P. (2010). Republika 17 Tahun Melintas Zaman, Harian Umum Republika.
Young, M. (2003). Before the Shooting Started: Civic Engagement and Culture War in Tocqueville's America, (Unpublished manuscript)
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rmx2x4328/survei-poltracking-elektabilitas-erickthohir-sebagai-cawapres-tertinggi-dijateng diakses pada tanggal 15 Desember 2022, pukul 13.35 WIB.
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rmtx6l423 /jadi-menteri-terbaik-2022-erick-untungdikasihnya-tahun-ini-bukan-2024 diakses pada tanggal 13 Desember 2022, pukul 20.35 WIB.
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rlmhxq38 4/capaian-erick-thohir-di-bumn-bisa-jadimodal-pilpres-2024 diakses pada tanggal 14 Desember 2022.
Wawancara Nur Hasan, Wakil Pemimpin Redaksi Republika, Kamis, 20 Januari 2022, pukul 14.00 -15.00 WIB. Wawancara/FGD Wartawan Republika, Kamis 25 Agustus 2022.
DOI: 10.15408/jisi.v5i2.43601
Copyright (c) 2024 Dedi Fahrudin, Iding Rosyidin, Nadirsyah Hosen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Hide
Show all