PERLINDUNGAN ANAK: PENDEKATAN ANTI-PENINDASAN

Nurliana Cipta Apsari, Andita Ratih

Abstract


Abstract. Legally, child protection in Indonesia has been accommodated through several policies. Parents or guardians are the parties who are responsible and in control over decisions regarding child protection. However, power relation between parents/other caregivers, and children could create an impact that potentially violates child protection. This research is intended as an effort to handle and prevent acts of violence to protect children using an anti-oppression approach. This study uses a literature study method. Research has found that acts of violence against children are occurring due to social control through power relations between parents/guardians and children, as well as a discriminatory view. These may be overcome by using an anti-oppression approach. The anti-oppression approach responds to violence by constructing a new positive identity about the child enabling them to gain more control over themselves. The new positive identity is formulated by comparing various arguments against the set of beliefs, thoughts, and assumptions that parents have about themselves and their children, helping children acquire greater control over themselves and a greater capacity to deal with personal, parental, and environmental factors that affect them, cooperate with other parties, such as influential groups in the neighbourhood, teachers, and counsellors/psychologists, intervene as little as possible in the rights and freedom of self-determination. The practise implication of this research is to conduct critical-reflective to avoid negative stereotyping toward children. Meanwhile, the theoretical implication of this research is that the anti-oppressive approach applies to child protection efforts.

 

Abstrak. Secara hukum upaya perlindungan anak di Indonesia telah terakomodir melalui beberapa kebijakan. Orang tua atau wali merupakan pihak yang memegang tanggung jawab sekaligus kuasa atas pengambilan keputusan terkait perlindungan anak. Namun, relasi kuasa antara orang tua/wali dan anak menimbulkan dampak yang juga melanggar perlindungan anak. Penelitian ini ditujukan sebagai upaya penanganan dan pencegahan tindak kekerasan dalam rangka perlindungan anak menggunakan pendekatan anti-penindasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka. Penelitian mendapati bahwa tindak kekerasan terhadap anak terjadi akibat kontrol sosial melalui relasi kuasa antara orang tua/wali dan anak, serta pandangan diskriminatif. Kedua hal tersebut dapat diatasi menggunakan pendekatan anti-penindasan. Pendekatan anti-penindasan merespon penindasan pada anak dengan mengkonstruksi identitas baru yang positif tentang anak sehingga mereka mendapat otoritas yang lebih dominan atas diri mereka sendiri. Identitas baru yang positif tentang anak tersebut dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan berbagai argumen dalam serangkaian keyakinan, pemikiran, dan asumsi yang dimiliki orang tua tentang diri mereka sendiri dan anak, membantu anak dengan pengambilan kontrol yang lebih dominan atas diri mereka sendiri dan kapasitas yang lebih besar untuk berurusan dengan faktor-faktor pribadi, orang tua, dan lingkungan sekitar yang mempengaruhi mereka, bekerja sama dengan pihak lain, seperti kelompok berpengaruh di lingkungan tempat tinggal, guru, dan konselor/psikolog; dan melakukan intervensi seminimal mungkin terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini adalah sebagai pengingat untuk kritis-reflektif agar tidak tercipta stereotip negatif tentang anak. Sementara itu, implikasi teoritis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan anti penindasan dapat diaplikasikan pada upaya perlindungan anak.


Keywords


relasi kuasa; kekerasan terhadap anak;anti-penindasan; power-relations; child abuse; anti-oppressive;

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DOI: 10.15408/empati.v10i1.18335

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