BOOKS | IN-TEXT REFERENCE | REFERENCE LIST. |
One author | ‘Information prominent’ (the author’s name is within parentheses): The conclusion reached in a recent study (Adi, 2002) was that… OR ‘Author prominent’ (the author’s name is outside the parentheses): Adi (2002) concluded that… | Cochrane, A. (2002). Pemikiran-Pemikiran dalam Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Sosial. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia. |
Two authors | Community development is considered (Ife & Tosseriero, 2006)… OR Ife & Tosseriero (2006)argued ... | Ife, Jim., & Tosseriero, Frank. (2005). Community Development (3rd ed.). French Forest : Pearson Education Australia. |
Three to five authorsFor the first in-text reference, list all the authors’ family names. Use et al. for subsequent entries. | Writing in biomedical sciences requires close attention to an acceptable style (Duffy, Deakin, Wieniawa-Narkiewicz, & Wilson, 2001) and it is… Subsequent in-text reference/s: (Duffy et al., 2001) | Duffy, A., Deakin, V., Wieniawa-Narkiewicz, E., & Wilson, K. (2001). Guide to writing in biomedical sciences. Australia: University of Canberra. |
Editor | In discussing best practice, Zairi (1999) identified…  | Zairi, M. (Ed.). (1999). Best practice: Process innovation management. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann. |
No author or editor  Cite the title in the position of ‘author’. The title may be shortened to the main title (omitting the sub-title) or the first few words of the title. | Macroeconomics considers prices and quantities (Macroeconomics, prices and quantities, 1983, pp. 43-57), so it is important to… | Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun. (1983). Oxford, England: Blackwell. |
Chapter in edited book | A discussion about Australia’s place in today’s world (Richards, 1997) included reference to… | Richards, K. C. (1997). Views on globalization. In H. L. Vivaldi (Ed.), Australia in a global world. North Ryde, Australia: Century. |
Corporate author - when the author is also the publisher | A recent study (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2009)… Subsequent in-text reference/s: The AIHW (2009) found that… | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2009). Indigenous housing needs 2009: A multi-measure needs model (AIHW cat. no. HOU 214). Canberra, Australia: Author. |
Citing a source within a source When citing a source you haven’t read yourself, but which is referred to in a source you have read. | Lilly (as cited in Maxwell, 1999, p.25) stated that “......â€. | Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. San Francisco, CA: Brooks Cole. |
JOURNAL & NEWSPAPER ARTICLES |
Journal article with one author - separated paging Each issue begins on page one. | In an earlier article, it was proposed (Jackson, 2007)… | Jackson, A. (2007). New approaches to drug therapy. Psychology Today and Tomorrow, 27(1), 54-59. |
Article in online journal with six or sevenauthors Give the firstauthor’s family name followed by ‘et al.’ for all in-text references. | A simple ALMA is described in a recent study (Restouin et al., 2009). | Restouin, A., Aresta, S., Prébet, T., Borg, J., Badache, A., & Collette, Y. (2009). A simplified, 96-well–adapted, ATP luminescence–based motility assay. BioTechniques, 47, 871–875. Retrieved from http://www.biotechniques.com/BiotechniquesJournal/ Note: Use a DOI (digital object identifier) if one is assigned instead of the “Retrieved from’ statement and URL. |
Journal article retrieved from a database - with a DOI (digital object identifier) | A study examining globalization (Sen, 2001 ) discovered … | Sen, A. (2001). Ten theses on globalization. New Perspectives Quarterly, 18(4), 9-15. doi:10.1111/0893-7850.00430 |
Journal article retrieved from a database - without a DOI Give the URL of the journal’s home page instead of the database name. | The effects of Millenium Development Goals on Mainstreaming Gender are studied by Kabeer (2003)… | Kabeer, N. (2003), Mainstreaming Gender and Poverty Eradication in the Millennium Development Goals, Retrieved from International Development Research Center website: http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/openebooks/067-5/index.html |
Newspaper article – with an author | The notion of a Bill of Rights may be inappropriate in the Australian context (Waterford, 2007). | Waterford, J. (2007, May 30). Bill of Rights gets it wrong. The Canberra Times, p. 11 |
Newspaper article – without an author | The redesign of the internet (“Internet pioneerâ€, 2007)… | Internet pioneer to oversee network redesign. (2007, May 28). The Canberra Times, p. 15. |
Newspaper article retrieved from a database Give the URL of the newspaper’s home page. | In an attempt to save the tiger, Darby (2002) provided… | Darby, A. (2002, August 20). Rarest tiger skin a rugged survivor. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au |
ONLINE LECTURE/TUTORIAL NOTES & E-RESERVE ITEMS |
Lecture / tutorial notes – online | In examining the genre of fiction (St. Vincent Welch, 2009)… | St. Vincent Welch, S. (2009). Unit 8147 Writing short narratives, lecture 1, week 1: What is fiction? [Lecture PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://learnonline.canberra.edu.au |
Item from E- Reserve | In a review of the Freedom of Information Act 1988, Rose (1996, p. 4) determined that… | Rose, A. (1996, September). Freedom of information under review. Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration, 80, 4-8. Retrieved from University of Canberra E-Reserve. |
OTHER SOURCES |
DVD / Videorecording | Jane Austen’s world came alive in Sense and sensibility (Lee, 1995). | Lee, A. (Director). (1995). Sense and sensibility [DVD]. Australia: Columbia TriStar Home Video. |
Figure, Table, Graph, Map or Chart | The internal processes were well described (Kaplan & Norton, 2004), which led to… | Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D.P. (2004). Internal processes deliver value over different time horizons. [Graph]. In Strategy maps: Converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes (p. 48). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. |
Image - online | The effective use of light in Monet’s ‘Haystacks’ (Monet, 1890)… | Monet, C. (1890). Haystacks, midday [Painting]. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra. Retrieved from http://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail- LRG.cfm?IRN=29073&View=LRG |
Web document - dated & author or sponsor given | An RBA paper (Simon, Smith, & West, 2009) found that participation in a loyalty program and access to an interest-free period… | Simon, J., Smith, K., & West, T. (2009). Price incentives and consumer payment behaviour (RBA Research discussion paper). Retrieved from the Reserve Bank of Australia website: http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/RDP/RDP2009-04.html |
Web source with no page numbers Give a paragraph number. (use the abbreviation “para.â€) or a section heading & paragraph no. | Copyright ownership of “lecture notes created as part of a lecturer’s employment at the university†(University of Canberra, 2009, “University materialâ€, para. 2)… | University of Canberra. (2009). Copyright guide. Version 13 –2 January]. Retrieved from http://www.canberra.edu.au/copyright/guide#heading14 |