ANALISIS PROCESS TERHADAP STRATEGI GRADUASI KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR DALAM KERANGKA RESULT-BASED MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Abstrack. Some studies explained that the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) gave a positive contribution for improving the health, nutritional status and education level of Beneficiary Families (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat). However, this program still had limitation for family-economical improvement, which is shown as graduated KPM for 2019 were only 12% of graduated KPM on 2017 and 2018. Therefore, targeting of graduated-capable KPM became PKH policy objective, not only just ensuring the sosial assistence was on target, but also ensuring poverty alleviation by creating socially and economically independent KPM. To achieve this target, the Ministry of Social Affairs developed a accelerated-graduation strategy by adopting The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor/CGAP model. This research tried to analyze the process of the KPM PKH graduation strategy within the Results-Based Management (RBM) framework in Cianjur. RBM as approach of result-based strategic planning, focused on analyzing assumptions and risk to achieve each result at the output, outcome and impact level (UNDP, 2009). The main data collection used in-dept interviews with 21 informants that represented as the Central Government, Local Government, PKH Human Resources and KPM PKH in Cianjur. From this research resulted 5 (five) processes in the strategy used in Cianjur. There were first, accelerating changes in the mindset and behavior of KPM through Family Development Session; second, ensuring program complementarity for KPM; third, monitoring the socio-economic development of KPM and mapping of KPM's potential graduation; fourth, KPM entrepreneurship assistance; and the fifth meeting of potential KPM (Rembug KPM).

 

Abstrak. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kondisi kesehatan, status gizi dan tingkat pendidikan Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM). Namun demikian, kemampuan program dalam meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga masih sangat terbatas, yang tercermin dari rendahnya proporsi KPM yang lulus (graduasi) hingga 2019 hanya sekitar 12 persen dari KPM tahun 2017 dan 2018 yang graduasi. Oleh karenanya, targeting graduasi KPM berdaya menjadi arah kebijakan PKH saat ini, bukan lagi tentang sekedar memastikan bantuan tepat sasaran, namun utamanya bagaimana mengentaskan kemiskinan dengan menghasilkan KPM mandiri secara sosial dan ekonomi. Untuk mencapai target tersebut maka Kementerian Sosial mengembangkan strategi percepatan graduasi yang mengadopsi model graduasi The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor/CGAP. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis process terhadap strategi graduasi KPM PKH dalam kerangka Result Based Management (RBM) di Kabupaten Cianjur. RBM sebagai pendekatan perencanaan strategis berbasis hasil (result), berfokus pada analisis asumsi (assumption) dan risiko (risk) untuk mencapai masing-masing result pada level outputs, outcomes dan impact (UNDP, 2009). Pengumpulan data utama menggunakan in-dept interview pada 21 informan yang merupakan representasi Pemerintah Pusat, Pemerintah Daerah, Sumber Daya Manusia PKH dan KPM PKH di Kabupaten Cianjur. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 (lima) proses dalam strategi graduasi yang digunakan di Kabupaten Cianjur. Diantaranya pertama, percepatan perubahan pola pikir dan perilaku KPM melalui Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga; kedua, memastikan komplementaritas program bagi KPM; ketiga, monitoring perkembangan sosial ekonomi KPM dan pemetaan KPM potensial graduasi; keempat, pendampingan kewirausahaan KPM; dan kelima pertemuan KPM potensial (Rembug KPM).