Ritual, Religion, and Reform: The Impact of Khuruj on the Tablighi Jamaat Community

Yusron Razak, Saifudin Asrori

Abstract


Purpose

This article examined the impact of Khurûj, a ritual practice of the Tablighi Jamaat, on personal transformation and community solidarity. Khurûj, practiced as a form of worship, aims to encourage adherence to Islamic teachings and foster brotherhood among Muslims. This activity served as a means of both self and communal reform, enhancing individual influence within the community and building a sense of belonging and support

 

Method

Through a qualitative study of the Tablighi Jamaat community in Jakarta, this research highlighted how Khurûj influenced personal development, deepens spiritual experiences, and strengthens communal bonds. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with members who participated in Khurûj for more than five years, and participatory observation during Khurûj activities. Thematic analysis revealed key themes such as personal transformation, spiritual growth, and enhanced community solidarity

 

Results/findings

The study underscored the crucial role of ritual interactions in reinforcing social bonds and religious identity among members. Despite perceptions of isolationism, the findings show significant social engagement, including efforts to combat drug use and provide community services, demonstrating a positive contribution to broader society

 

Conclusion

The concludes that Khurûj is valuable for fostering religious adherence and community cohesion, and further research is needed to explore its long-term impacts and influence in different socio-political contexts


Keywords


Tablighi Jamaat; Ritual Interaction; Khuruj; Religious Identity; Community Solidarity

References


Alfath, K. (2020). Pendidikan Karakter Disiplin Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Fatah Temboro. Al-Manar, 9(1), 125–164. https://doi.org/10.36668/jal.v9i1.136

Ali, J. A. (2010). Tablighi Jama’at and the “Remaking” of the Muslim. Australian Religion Studies Review, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1558/arsr.v23i2.148

Ali, J. A., Amin, F., Asror, M., Sterchele, D., Sabri, M., Kabir, H., Sajjad, M. W., Ali, M., Gilliat-Ray, S., Irpan, I., Mian, A. A., Ali, K., & Min-xing, H. (2018). Replicating the Deobandi Model of Islamic Schooling: The Case of AQuomi Madrasain a District Town of Bangladesh. Religion Compass, 11(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102847

Ali, J. A., & Sahib, R. (2022). A Sociological Study of the Tabligh Jama’at: Working for Allah. Springer Nature.

Ali, M. (2014). Is the British Weather Anti-Islamic? Prayer Times, the Ulama and Application of the Shari’A. Contemporary Islam, 9(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-014-0318-7

Andrian, Y. (2019). Pendekatan Dakwah Jama’ah Tabligh Dalam Meningkatkan Ketaatan Beragama Masyarakat. Mau Idhoh Hasanah Jurnal Dakwah Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.47902/mauidhoh.v1i1.30

Asror, M. (2018). Strategi Dakwah Gerakan Jamaah Tabligh Di Kota Pancor. Sosio Edukasi Jurnal Studi Masyarakat Dan Pendidikan, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.29408/sosedu.v2i1.1194

Aziz, A. A. A., Yatim, A. I. A., Nordin, N., & Norwahi, N. A. (2021). Stress and Coping Strategies in Public Speaking: Comparative Case Studies of Japanese and Malaysian Undergraduates. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10385

Azizah, N., Nkwede, J. O., & Armoyu, M. (2021). The octopus-like power of Pesantren dynasty in the dynamics of local politics. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1962056

Badriza, K. (2022). Kampung Madinah Temboro as Tablighi Jama῾at Sub-Cultural Community: A Socio-Historical Studies. Karsa Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 30(2), 328–363. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v30i2.6438

Caligiuri, P., DuBois, C. L. Z., Lundby, K., & Sinclair, E. A. (2020). Fostering International Students’ Sense of Belonging and Perceived Social Support Through a Semester-Long Experiential Activity. Research in Comparative and International Education, 15(4), 357–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499920954311

Chen, K. (2023). Research on University Teaching in Metaverse Era From the Perspective of Interactive Ritual Chain. SHS Web of Conferences, 153, 1017. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315301017

Dansieh, S. A., Owusu, E., & Seidu, G. A. (2021). Glossophobia: The Fear of Public Speaking in ESL Students in Ghana. Language Teaching, 1(1), p22. https://doi.org/10.30560/lt.v1n1p22

Dayyan, M., Mardhiah, A., & Sembiring, M. (2019). Da’wah Experience, Spiritual, and Economic Resilience of Jamaah Tabligh in Langsa Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 19(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v19i2.4545

Deeb-Sossa, N. (2024). Cultivating University Students’ Critical Sense of Belonging Through Community-Responsive Scholar-Activism. Collaborations a Journal of Community-Based Research and Practice, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.33596/coll.125

Effendy, D. I., & Rustandi, D. (2020). The Identity Construction of Da’wah Leadership on Jama’ah Tabligh Movement. Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies, 14(1), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v14i1.9210

Fan, K.-K., & Zhou, Y. (2020). The Influence of Traditional Cultural Resources (TCRs) on the Communication of Clothing Brands. Sustainability, 12(6), 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062379

García, I. (2018). Symbolism, Collective Identity, and Community Development. Societies, 8(3), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8030081

Geertz, C. (1960). The Religion of Java. The Free Press Glencoe.

Gilliat-Ray, S. (2018). From “Closed Worlds” to “Open Doors.” Fieldwork in Religion, 13(2), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.35029

Halim, S. N. B. A., Harum, A. A., Jamaludin, M. A., & Muflih, B. K. (2020). Muslim-Friendly Railway Services: Concept and Challenges of Malaysian Electric Train Service (ETS). Journal of Halal Industry & Services, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.36877/jhis.a0000094

Hamdi, A. Z. (2021). Constructing Indonesian Religious Pluralism: The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama in Countering Violent Religious Extremism. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 15(2), 433. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2021.15.2.433-464

Hermawan, A. (2024). Building Student Disciplinary Character Through the Atomic Habits Method at ICC Pahang. 305–320. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-226-2_25

Hiroshi, H. (1987). Kyai dan Perubahan Sosial. P3M.

Husni, S. (2023). Praktik Dakwah Khurûj Fi Sabilillah Oleh Jamaah Tabligh Di Desa Perapat Hilir. Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 3(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.22373/jpi.v3i2.21528

Ilyas, M., Ismail, Z., Zulfidar, F., Syarfuni, S., & Masrizal, M. (2022). Education Transformation Model of Traditional Pesantren in Aceh Province of Indonesia. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(4), 7197–7204. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.2348

Irpan, I. (2022). The Objectives of Islamic Education in the Perspective of the Tabligh Congregation in Indonesia. Edukasi Islami Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(02). https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v11i02.3200

Irpan, I., Gilliat-Ray, S., Sajjad, M. W., Ali, M., Kabir, H., Mian, A. A., Ali, K., Min-xing, H., Hasna, F., Ashraf, M. A., Ida, R., Dyson, L., Ingram, B. D., & Ismail, M. S. (2018). Replicating the Deobandi Model of Islamic Schooling: The Case of AQuomi Madrasain a District Town of Bangladesh. Religion Compass, 9(2), 429. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v28i12015.33-49

Ismailbekova, A., & Nasritdinov, E. (2012). Transnational Religious Networks in Central Asia: Structure, Travel, and Culture of Kyrgyz Tablighi Jama’At. Transnational Social Review, 2(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2012.10820733

Juwito, J., Achmad, Z. A., Kaestiningtyas, I., Dewani, P. K., Wahyuningtyas, D., Kusuma, R. M., Mas’udah, K. W., Sari, T. P., & Febrianita, R. (2022). Public Speaking and Personal Branding Skills for Student Organization Managers at Dharma Wanita High School Surabaya. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 3(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v3i1.18596

Kabir, H. (2009). Replicating the Deobandi Model of Islamic Schooling: The Case of AQuomi Madrasain a District Town of Bangladesh. Contemporary South Asia, 17(4), 415–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584930903275884

Latepo, I., & Suharto, S. (2017). Pengembangan Manajemen Dakwah Jama’ah Tabligh Dalam Membina Masyarakat Islam Suku Terasing. Al-Mishbah | Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 11(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.24239/al-mishbah.vol11.iss2.61

Latif, I., & Fatmawati, F. (2020). Argumentasi Konsep Jihad Jamaah Tabligh Di Kecamatan Minasatene, Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan. Mazahibuna, 151–163. https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.v2i2.15021

Lenz-Raymann, K. (2014). Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle. https://doi.org/10.14361/transcript.9783839429044

Ma’sum, M. A. (2020). Implementasi Sufi Healing Pada Era New Normal Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Menjaga Kondisi Homeostasis Tubuh Masyarakat. Muróbbî Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.52431/murobbi.v4i1.304

Masud, M. K. (2000). Travellers in faith: Studies of the Tablīghī Jamāʻat as a transnational Islamic movement for faith renewal. Brill.

Metcalf, B. D. (1993). Living Hadīth in the Tablīghī Jama’āt. The Journal of Asian Studies, 52(3), 584–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2058855

Metiu, A., & Slavova, M. (2015). Ritualization and the Process of Knowledge Transfer. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2646674

Mian, A. A. (2022). Translating Scholars: Theorizing Modern South Asian ‘Ulama’ Studies. Religion Compass, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12430

Minhus, S. M., & Hui-e, L. (2021). The Tendency of Traditional Costume at Heritage Festival for Cultural Revival. Sage Open, 11(2), 215824402110169. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211016905

Muali, C., Rofiki, M., Baharun, H., Zamroni, Z., & Sholeh, L. (2021). The Role of Sufistic-Based Kiai Leadership in Developing the Character of Santri in the Pesantren. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 1705–1714. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.1012

Mustofa, I. (2019). Pendidikan nilai di pesantren: studi tentang Internalisasi Pancajiwa di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo. UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Mustofa, M. B. (2019). Gerakan Dakwah Jama’ah Tabligh Di Kalangan Wanita Dalam Pembinaan Keluarga Muslim. Mau Idhoh Hasanah Jurnal Dakwah Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.47902/mauidhoh.v1i1.29

Nasith, A. (2024). The Role of Kyai’s Charismatic Leadership in Mitigating Religious Intolerance and Radicalism in Pesantren. International Journal of Social Science and Religion (Ijssr), 203–230. https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v5i2.238

Nilhakim. (2021). Program Khurûj Jamaah Tabligh Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syari‘ah. Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah Kajian Islam Pendidikan Ekonomi Humaniora, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v7i1.396

Núñez, A. (2009). A Critical Paradox? Predictors of Latino Students’ Sense of Belonging in College. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014099

Nurmalia, N., Nurhayati, S., Noor, A. H., Rohaeti, E. E., & Mulyana, E. (2022). Developing Students’ Leadership Spirit During COVID-19 Pandemic Through Virtual-Based Scouting Activities. Society, 10(2), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.412

Olitsky, S. (2006). Promoting Student Engagement in Science: Interaction Rituals and the Pursuit of a Community of Practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20128

Permanasari, E. Y. (2023). Optimizing Institutional Identity: A Strategic Approach Through Religious Culture in Higher Education. Al-Tanzim Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(4), 1290–1303. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v7i4.6821

Phan, V. T. T., & Bui, T. T. N. (2022). Improving Public Speaking Skills for University Students: Challenges and Solutions. The Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University Issn 2815-6072 E-Issn 2815-6099, 11(47), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.35382/tvujs.1.47.2022.921

Reetz, D. (2006). Sûfî spirituality fires reformist zeal: The Tablîghî Jamâ ‘at in today’s India and Pakistan. Archives de Sciences Sociales Des Religions, 135(3), 33–51.

Rosyidi, I., & Dulwahab, E. (2017). Komunikasi Nonverbal Jamaah Tabligh. Communicatus Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.15575/cjik.v1i2.5023

Sabri, M. (2023). Jama’ah Tabligh’s Perspectives on Misogynistic Hadiths. Mashdar Jurnal Studi Al-Qur an Dan Hadis, 5(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.15548/mashdar.v5i1.5989

Sahib, R., Hasanah, U., Nilhakim, Latif, I., Fatmawati, F., Sarbini, A., Effendi, D. I., Irpan, I., Santoso, D., Syarifudin, A., Machmudi, Y., Ardhani, P. K., Hamdi, S., Haromain, N. N., Wahyuni, I., Wang, L., Marzaki, M., Ali, J. A., & Amin, F. (2020). BERDAKWAH SAMBIL MERAWAT KELUARGA: Aktivitas Khurūj Jama’ah Tabligh Keamiran Metro Lampung Pada Masa Pandemi. Icr Journal, 11(1), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v7i1.396

Sajjad, M. W. (2024). The Barelvi Movement in South Asian Islam. Religion Compass, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12492

Sandøy, T. A. (2014). Group Solidarity in a Hostile Milieu: Immigrant Experiences in a Street-Based Drug Scene. Drugs Education Prevention and Policy, 22(3), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2014.993921

Sila, M. A. (2020). Nurturing Religious Authority among Tablighi Jamaat in Indonesia: Going Out for Khurûj and Becoming Preacher. In The New Santri: Challenges to traditional religious authority in Indonesia (pp. 177–195). ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.

Siyami, F. B. L., & Musawwamah, S. (2015). Problem Praktik Khurûj Bagi Anggota Jama`ah Tabligh Di Madura. Al-Ihkam Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 10(1), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i1.593

Suharya, Y., Agustinah, A., & Sugiarti, D. Y. (2018). The Role of Kyai’s Leadership in Preparing Quality Santri. Visipena Journal, 9(2), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v9i2.456

Summers-Effler, E., & Barone, C. (2002). The Micro Potential for Social Change: Emotion, Consciousness, and Social Movement Formation. Sociological Theory, 20(1), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9023-3

Supian, A., & Farhan, A. (2021). Pemahaman Hadis Dan Implikasinya Pada Praktek Keagamaan Jamaah Tabligh (Kajian Living Hadis Di Kota Bengkulu). Al Quds Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, 5(2), 537. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v5i2.2501

Trager, B. (2019). Community-Based Internships: How Hybridized High-Impact Practice Affects Students, Community Partners, and the University. https://doi.org/10.3102/1429556

Tsaaqib, A. (2022). The Comprehension of the Tablighi Jama’at in Pakauman Ulu Village About QS Ali-Imran [3]: 110 in the Khurûj Movement. Ishlah Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Adab Dan Dakwah, 4(2), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v4i2.149

Wang, L., & Marzaki, M. (2023). “Khurûj Fi Sabilillah” (Traveler in Faith) and Its Implications on Household Harmony of Tabligh Jamaat in North Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 06(04). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i4-47

Wang, Y., Li, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Mathematical Model Design of the Traditional Dress Recognition Algorithm Based on Digital Watermarking Technology. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5230996

Weismann, I. (2017). A perverted balance: Modern salafism between reform and jihād. In Welt des Islams (Vol. 57, Issue 1, pp. 33–66). https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00571p04

Wu, M.-Y., Tong, Y., Li, Q., Wall, G., & Wu, X. (2022). Interaction Rituals and Social Relationships in a Rural Tourism Destination. Journal of Travel Research, 62(7), 1480–1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221130495

Ye, Q. (2023). Metadata Construction Scheme of a Traditional Clothing Digital Collection. The Electronic Library, 41(4), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2023-0004.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/bat.v30i2.40670

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Saifudin Asrori

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.