Article Processing Charge

Article Processing Charge (APC)

This journal applies a fully open-access policy and does not charge any fees to authors at any stage of the publication process. Submissions are free; no payment is required for the peer-review process, editorial handling, or final publication. We do not impose article processing charges (APCs), submission fees, fast-track review fees, or hidden costs. All accepted articles are published online with full open-access availability to readers worldwide without financial burden to authors. This policy reflects our commitment to equitable access to scientific knowledge and promoting inclusive scholarly communication.