Suksesi Kepemimpinan dan Keberlanjutan Institusi: Studi Manajemen Strategis Talent Management dan Succession Planning Pada Pesantren Modern dan Tradisional

Abstract

The sustainability of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) as Indonesia's oldest Islamic educational institutions largely depends on the effectiveness of leadership succession processes. Unlike modern organizations that have systematically developed succession planning and talent management systems, pesantren—particularly traditional (salafiyah) ones—still largely rely on kinship-based and charismatic patterns of leadership transfer. This article aims to conceptually analyze how talent management and succession planning can be integrated into the strategic management of both traditional and modern pesantren to preserve institutional stability and sustainability. This study employs a systematic literature review of national and international scholarly literature published in the last five years (2020–2026), drawn from Google Scholar, Garuda, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals. The findings indicate that traditional pesantren tend to apply ascribed succession patterns vulnerable to kinship conflict and managerial stagnation, while modern pesantren are beginning to adopt hybrid leadership models combining the kiai's charismatic authority with competency-based professional management. This article formulates a Sustainable Pesantren Succession Management Framework (SPSMF) integrating four pillars: value-based talent identification, leadership capacity building, participatory succession governance, and institutionalization of values. This framework is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for kiai, foundation boards, and pesantren stakeholders in designing succession systems that preserve Islamic authenticity while ensuring institutional sustainability.