Tafsir Tematik Al-Qur'an dan Piagam Madinah sebagai Basis HAM dan Toleransi untuk Resolusi Konflik Keagamaan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/tadabbur.v4i2.53116Keywords:
Human Rights, Tolerance, Thematic Exegesis, Charter of Medina, Religious ConflictAbstract
This article examines the integration of human rights (HR) and tolerance values in Islam through a thematic (maudhu’i) interpretation of Qur’anic verses combined with a historical-juridical analysis of the Charter of Medina, in order to formulate a model of religious conflict resolution in Indonesia. The study is motivated by the rise of intolerance, obstacles to minority worship, syncretism in the name of tolerance, and persecution and vigilantism that undermine national plurality. This research employs a qualitative library method with a thematic exegetical approach and sociocultural analysis of primary sources: the Qur’an, the text of the Charter of Medina, and authoritative works of tafsir. The findings show that, first, the Islamic concept of human rights rests on a theocentric paradigm (karamah al-insan) balancing rights and obligations, distinct from the Western anthropocentric paradigm. Second, the Charter of Medina reflects theocentric human rights and inclusive citizenship (ummah wahidah) consistent with the thematic interpretation of QS al-Baqarah: 256, al-Hujurat: 13, al-Kafirun: 6, al-Ma’idah: 8, al-An’am: 151, and al-Ma’idah: 32. Third, integrating both sources produces a wasathiyah paradigm that requires the state to guarantee minority worship, reject syncretism, and eradicate vigilantism through the state monopoly of law. This article contributes a revelation-based normative-practical framework to strengthen religious harmony policies in Indonesia.
References
Abror, R. H. (2020). Paradoks Universalitas HAM Barat di Muka Cermin Islam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum dan HAM. In Paradoks Universalitas HAM Barat di Muka Cermin Islam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum dan HAM (pp. 132–205). UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
as-Suyuthi, J. (2002). Lubab an-Nuqul fi Asbab an-Nuzul (1st ed.). Mu’assasah al-Kutub ats-Tsaqafiyah.
bin Jarir ath-Thabari, A. J. M. (2001). Jāmi’ al-Bayān ’an Ta’wīl Āyi al-Qur’ān (A. bin Abdul Muhsin at-Turki (ed.); 1st ed.). Dar Hajar.
Edrisy, I. F., & Putri, A. (2026). Hukum dan HAM Indonesia: Evolusi, Pergulatan, dan Harapan. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 5058–5063.
Hadi, F. (2024). Inklusifisme Tafsir Kementerian Agama RI (Telaah Batasan Toleransi dalam Tafsir Tematik Moderasi Beragama). Pascasarjana Universitas PTIQ Jakarta.
Hanifah, N., Fitrawati, & Kusnadi. (2024). Metodologi Tafsir Tematik. Al-Mubarak: Jurnal Kajian Al-Quran & Tafsir, 9(2), 71–83.
Jamaludin, Dyah, A. T. E., & Mulyan, A. (2026). Rekonstruksi Historis Relasi Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Analisis Komparatif Perspektif Barat dan Islam. Human Rights et Justicia, 1(2), 83–95.
Katsir, I. (1431). Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-’Azhim (H. bin Basyir bin Yasin (ed.); 1st ed.). Dar Ibn al-Jawzi.
Ritonga, D. A., & Ichsan, M. (2025). Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dalam Perspektif Islam dan Barat. Politika Progresif: Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Humaniora, 2(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.62383/progres.v2i2.1771
Said, H. M. M., Fachrudin, A. P., & Anwar, C. F. (2023). Konsep Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Perspektif Islam dan Barat. IQTISHAD SHARIA: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dan Keuangan Islam, 1(4), 51–61.
Setiawan, K. F., Ni’maturrodiyah, Sekarwangi, P., Sunarno, & Maulana, R. (2024). Konsep Toleransi Dalam Islam Dan Implementasinya Di Masyarakat Indonesia. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 10(04).
Shihab, M. Q. (2002). Tafsir Al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Lentera Hati.
Shobahah, N. (2019). Piagam Madinah dan Konsep Demokrasi Modern Islam Masa Klasik. Ahkam, 7(1), 195–214.
Shomad, B. A. (2022). Piagam Madinah dan Resolusi Konflik. Jurnal Ilmiah, 1–15.
Sulni, H. (2024). Kontruksi Masyarakat Berdasarkan Konsep Ummah dalam Piagam Madinah. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(6), 4363–4376.
Wildan, M., Saepudin, & Nur, A. Z. (2022). Piagam Madinah: Strategi Politik Dakwah Nabi Muhammad Periode Madinah. Edugama: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 8(1), 136–149.
Yahya, A., Yusuf, K. M., & Alwizar. (2022). Metode Tafsir (Al-Tafsir Al-Tahlili, Al-Ijmali, Al-Muqaran dan Al-Mawdu’i). Palapa: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(1), 1–13.
Yamani, M. T. (2015). Memahami Al-Qur’an Dengan Metode Tafsir Maudhu’i. J-PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1(2), 273–291.
Yasir, M. (2014). Makna Toleransi Dalam Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 22(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Fadilah Umar, Siti Badi'ah, Bukhori Abdul Somad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
