Hide
Show all
Being Muslim in a Secular World: Indonesian Families in Washington DC Area
Abstract
Indonesian Muslims in Washington DC and the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia are an important Indonesian community in the United States. They are one of a few Indonesian American communities with a Muslim majority. We survey its birth and assess the early Indonesian and Indonesian Muslim presence in America and their arrival routes. We then examine the lack of Indonesian interest to immigrate to this continent until very recently. Our study draws upon scholarly research on Indonesian-Dutch connections and the early Indonesian experience in the United States. Data about the Indonesian Muslim Association in America (IMAAM) mosque are derived from interviews with over two hundred leaders and members of the community (jamā‘ah). This includes in-depth interviews with forty-six selected individuals, and observation of the masjid activities over a year (April 2017 – June 2018) forms an integral part of this explorative research.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdillah, Masykuri. “Alamsjah Ratu Perwiranegara: Stabilitas Nasional dan Kerukunan.” https://kemenag.go.id/file/dokumen/12.alamsjah3.pdf (January 9, 2018).
Abeyasekere, S. 1983. “Slaves in Batavia: Insights from a Slave Register.” In Lavery, Bondage and Dependency in Southeast Asia, ed. Anthony Reid. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 286–314.
Adam, Asvi Warman. 2016. “Wiping Out 1965 Stigma.” The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/11/23/wiping-out-1965-stigma.html.
Adi, Rianto. 1996. “The Impact of International Labour Migration in Indonesia.” University of Adelaide.
al-Alwani, Taha Jabir. 2004. “Toward a Figh for Minorities: Some Reflections.” In Muslims’ Place in American Public Square: Hopes, Fears and Aspirations, ed. Zahid Hussain Bukhari. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Amerindo. 2013. “AmerIndo: Status of Indos in the United States.” http://amerindo.berkeley.edu/history/status-of-indos-in-the-united-states/ (June 12, 2017).
Asrianti, Tifa. 2010. “Dutch Indonesian’s Search for Home.” The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/11/23/wiping-out-1965-stigma.html.
Balbed, Abdullah. 2006. “Indonesians in America.” In Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans [4 Volumes], ed. Ronald H. Bayor. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press.
Bosma, Ulbe, and Remco Raben. 2008. Being “Dutch” in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500-1920. Singapore : Athens: NUS Press ; Ohio University.
Castles, Lance. 1974. “Economic Recovery under the New Order: Miracle or Illusion?” In Indonesia After the 1971 Elections, ed. Oey Hong Lee. London and Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 97–111.
Chaplin, Chris. 2018. “Political Protests, Global Islam and National Activism: Deciphering the Motivations behind Indonesia’s “Conservative Turn”.” http://www.mei.edu/content/map/deciphering-motivations-behind-indonesia-s-conservative-turn (April 13, 2018).
Cunningham, Clark E. 2009. “Unity and Diversity among Indonesian Migrants to the United States.” In Emerging Voices: Experiences of Underrepresented Asian Americans, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 90–125.
Elkholy, Abdo A. 1966. The Arab Moslems In The United States: Religion And Assimilation. New Heaven: College and University Press.
Errington, James Joseph. 2008. Linguistics in a Colonial World: A Story of Language, Meaning, and Power. Hoboken, New Jersey: Blackwell, Pub.
Fox, J. 1983. “For Good and Sufficient Reasons:’ An Examination of Early Dutch East India Company Ordinances on Slave and Slavery.” In Slavery, Bondage, and Dependency in Southeast Asia, eds. Anthony Reid and Jennifer Brewster. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Galtung, Johan. 2012. “The Muslim Diaspora in Europe and the USA.” https://www.transcend.org/tri/downloads/MuslimDiaspora.pdf (December 3, 2018).
Geertz, Clifford. 1960. The Religion of Java. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goksoy, Ismail Hakki. 1998. “Dutch Policy towards the Indonesian Haj, 1946-1949.” http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D01712/1998_2/1998_2_GOKSOYIH.pdf (June 11, 2017).
Hasjmy, Ali. 1971. Hikayat Prang Sabi Mendjiwai Perang Atjeh Lawan Belanda. Banda Aceh: Firma Pustaka Faraby.
Hellwig, Tineke. 1993. “The Asian and Eurasian Woman of the Dutch East Indies in Dutch and Malay Literature.” Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies 26(1). https://caans-acaen.ca/Journal/issues_online/Issue_XIV_ii_1993/HELLWIG.pdf.
Hill, Hal. 1994. “The Economy.” In Indonesia’s New Order: The Dynamics of Socio-Economic Transformation, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Hoefte, Rosemarijn. 1998. In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
———. 2008. “The Javanese of Suriname.” Inside Indonesia 92. https://www.insideindonesia.org/the-javanese-of-suriname (May 11, 2017).
Hugo, Graeme. 2017. “Indonesia’s Labor Looks Abroad.” Migration Policy. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indonesians-labor-looks-abroad (May 11, 2017).
Hurgronje, C. Snouck. 1906. I–II The Acehnese. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Imhoff, Evert van, and Gijs Beets. 2004. “A Demographic History of the Indo-Dutch Population, 1930-2001.” Journal of Population Research 21(1): 47–72.
Janoski, Thomas. 2010. The Ironies of Citizenship: Naturalization and Integration in Industrialized Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kasten, Michael. 2001. “History of the Indonesian Pinisi.” http://www.kastenmarine.com/phinisi_history.htm (June 14, 2017).
King, Russel. 2012. “Theories and Typologies of Migration: An Overview and A Primer.” www.bit.mah.se/MUEP (November 14, 2018).
Kingsbury, Damien. 2005. The Politics of Indonesia. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Koentjaraningrat. 1989. Javanese Culture. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Krancher, Jan. 2003. “Indos: The Last Eurasian Community?” http://www.eurasiannation.com/articlespol2003-04indos.htm (June 10, 2017).
Kroef, Justus M. van der. 1953. “The Eurasian Minority in Indonesia.” American Sociological Review 18(5): 484–93.
Leonard, Karen Isaksen. 2003. Muslims in the United States: The State of Research. Russell Sage Foundation.
Lopez, Gustavo, Neil G. Ruiz, and Eileen Patten. 2017. “Key Facts about Asian Americans, a Diverse and Growing Population.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/08/key-facts-about-asian-americans/ (February 19, 2018).
McNeil, William H. 1978. “Human Migration: A Historical Overview.” In Human Migration: Patterns and Policies, eds. Ruth Adams and William H. McNeil. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Messick, Brinkley. 1993. The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mohamad, Gunawan. 2003. Celebrating Indonesia: Fifty Years with the Ford Foundation 1953–2003. Jakarta: Ford Foundation.
Pelras, Christian. 1985. “Religion, Tradition and the Dynamics of Islamization in South-Sulawesi.” Archipel 29(1): 107–35.
Perwiranegara, Alamsyah Ratu. 1995. Perjalanan Hidup Seorang Anak Yatim Piatu. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Pew Research Center. 2017. “Indonesian in the US: Fact Sheet.” https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/04/04/asian-groups-in-the-u-s/ (January 14, 2018).
Ramage, Douglas E. 1995. Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam and the Ideology of Tolerance. New York and London: Routledge.
Ransom, David. 1970. “The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre.” Ramparts 9(4): 26–28 & 40–49.
Rodriguez-Gitler, Ariana. 2017. “Education Level of Indonesian Americans.” https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/chart/educational-attainment-of-indonesian-population-in-the-u-s/ (January 12, 2018).
Rollins, Joan H. 1981. Hidden Minorities: The Persistence of Ethnicity in American Life. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Sastroamidjojo, Ali. 2012. Tonggak-tonggak di perjalananku. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia.
Sidjaja, Calvin Michel. 2011. “Who Is Responsible for ‘Bersiap’?” The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/11/23/wiping-out-1965-stigma.html.
The Jakarta Post. 2001. “Sumitro Dies at 84 of Heart Failure.” The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/11/23/wiping-out-1965-stigma.html.
Therborn, Göran. 2004. Between Sex and Power: Family in the World, 1900-2000. London & New York: Routledge.
Touwen-Bouwsma, Elly. 1996. “Japanese Minority Policy: The Eurasians on Java and the Dilemma of Ethnic Loyalty.” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 152(4): 553–72.
Vickers, Adrian. 2005. A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vredenbergt, Jacop. 1962. “The Hadj: Some of Its Features and Functions in Indonesia.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 118(1): 91–154.
Wertheim, W.F. 1974. “Islam Before and After the Elections.” In Indonesia After the 1971 Elections, ed. Oey Hong Lee. London and Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 97–111.
Yang, Eveline. 2001. “Indonesian Americans.” Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America. https://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Indonesian-Americans.html (March 17, 2017).
Zong, Jie, and Jeanne Batalova. 2016. “Asian Immigrants in the United States.” migrationpolicy.org. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/asian-immigrants-united-states.
Interviews
Abdul Nur Adnan, Oxon Hill, Maryland, November 9th, 2017; December 21st, 2017.
Akhmad Helmi, Washington D.C., January 16th, 2018.
Albert Ticoalu, April 22nd, 2018.
Amang Sukasih, November 14th & 17th, 2017.
Burhanuddin Abdullah, May 2nd, 2018.
Daltur Rendakasiang, April 23rd, 2018.
Douglas Crow “Karim,” Washington DC, January 19th, 2018.
Dutamardin Umar, Oxon Hill, Maryland, November 9th, 2017; January 15th, 2018.
Fahmi Zubir, January 15th & 16th, 2018.
Faisal Mangoenkoesoemo, Washington D.C., January 16th, 2018.
Faizal Marzuki, Oxon Hill, Maryland, November 9th, 2017.
Firdaus Kadir, Silver Spring, Maryland, November 11th & 18th, 2017; March 23rd, 2018.
Fulla al-Bahri, May 7th, 2017.
Harry H. Napitupulu, April 23rd, 2018.
Isweni I. Bakri, May 17th, 2018.
Nurlisma Istiadi, January 15th, 2018.
Purnama Wati, January 11th, 2018.
Ranti Aryani, Kensington, Maryland, February 18th, 2018.
Siti Chassah, May 2nd, 2018.
Vivi Darmansyah, Silver Spring, Maryland, December 3rd, 2017.
Yusri Otty Harun, April 29th, 2018.
Interviews: Requested to Remain Nameless
Assistant Teachers, Silver Spring, Maryland, December 10th, 2018.
Teachers, November through December 2017.
Youths, Silver Spring, Maryland, December 3rd & 10th, 2017; Six email responses, January, 2018.
Students, Silver Spring, Maryland November 12th & 19th, 2017.
Un-Mosqued Indonesian Muslims: 10 men and women, (phone) January through March, 2018; 4 men and women, Chantilly, Virginia, February 18th, 2018; 3 men, Washington D.C., March 3rd & 4th, 2018; 2 women, Frederick, Maryland, February 25th, 2018.
Parents, Silver Spring, Maryland, November 12th & 19th, 2017.
Id Worshippers, Gaithersburg, Maryland, June 24th, 2017.
Ramadan Volunteers, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2017 & 2018.
W0shippers, Silver Spring, Maryland, April 2017 – June 2018.
Observations
Akhmad Helmi’s Sufi Gathering, Silver Spring, Maryland, January 20th, 2018.
IMAAM activities, Silver Spring, Maryland, April 2017 – June 2018.
Madrasah, Silver Spring, Maryland, November & December, 2017.
Ranti Aryani’s Sufi Class, Kensington, Maryland, February 18th, 2018; Studium Generale Islam 101, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 18th, 2018.
Siti Chassah’s Pengajian, Silver Spring, Maryland, May 5th, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v26i2.8412 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
All publication by Studia Islamika are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Studia Islamika, ISSN: 0215-0492, e-ISSN: 2355-6145
View My Stats