Al-Kifāḥ min ajli dawlah Islāmīyah ‘abra al-masār al-dīmuqrātī: Tajribat al-Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Mālizī (PAS)

Muhammad Irfan Helmy, Ahmad Ali Nurdin

Abstract


This paper discusses how PAS follows democratic way to achive its political goal to establish an Islamic state. Is it true that the establishment of PAS was triggered by its motive to struggle for Islamic state which is not addressed by UMNO? What and how is the concept of Islamic state according to PAS? How and to what extent did Muslim and non-Muslim in Malaysia accept PAS idea, in Malaysian election history, particularly in the last 2018 election? By analysing document of PAS Islamic state, party’s statute, and PAS performance from election to election, the researcher argues that up to present PAS was unsuccessfull to reach its political goal yet. PAS only won and occupied Kelantan and several times won in Sabah and Terengganu. The result of 2018 election shows that PAS was beaten by Pakatan Harapan coallition as well as Barisan Nasional coalition. However, PAS’s struggle through democratic way has significantly contributed to reduce a negative image of Islamic movement in South East Asia. Islam is not monolithic and Islam is compatible with democracy. PAS’s struggle is a clear proof.


Keywords


PAS; Islamic Party; Islamic State; Democracy; Malaysia.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam, Ramlah. 1999. “PAS Gadai Perjuangan.” Utusan Malaysia.

Alhadjiri, A. 2018. Dr M Says Harapan Has More than 112 Seats, Claims EC Refusing to Sign Form.” Malaysia Kini 9(2).

Awang, Abdul Hadi. 1985. Konsep Dan Matlamat Negara Islam.” Presented at the Simposium Negara Islam, Kuala Lumpur.

———. 1995. Sistem Pemerintahan Negara Islam. Petailing Jaya: Dewan Muslimat Sdn. Bhd.

———. 2003. Islam: Fikrah, Harakah and Daulah. Selangor: Dewan Pustaka Fajar.

———. 2008. PAS President’s Statement.” Manifesto of the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS): A Trustworthy, Just and Clean Government: A Nation of Care and Opportunity.

Ayoob, Mohammed. 2008. The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.

Azwar, Rully Chairul. 2009. Politik Komunikasi Partai Golkar Di Tiga Era. Jakarta: Grasindo.

Badawi, Abdullah. 2005. Islam Hadhari Akan Bangkit.” Pemikir: 39–40.

———. 2006. Islam Hadhari: A Model Approach for Development and Progress. Selangor: MPH.

Bustamam-Ahmad, Kamaruzzaman. 2009. The Discourse of The Islamic State and Islamic Law in Malaysia.” In Asian Transformations in Action the Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows, Bangkok: The Nippon Foundation.

———. 2011. Contemporary Islamic Thought in Indonesian and Malay World: Islam Liberal, Islam Hadhari, and Islam Progresif.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 5(1): 91-129–129.

Byman, Daniel. 2015. Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dubow, V. 2000. The African National Congress. Stroud, the United Kingdom: Sutton Publishing.

Faruqi, Shad Saleem. 2003. Secularism or Theocracy: A Study of the Malaysian Constitution.” In Is Malaysia an Islamic State? Secularism and Theocracy: A Study of the Malaysian Constitution, eds. Abdul Razak Baginda and Peter Schier. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Strategic Research Centre and Konrad-Adenaur Foundation.

Gallagher, Martin. 2016. ‘Criminalised’ Islamic State Veterans – A Future Major Threat in Organised Crime Development?” Perspectives on Terrorism 10(5): 51–67.

Gomez, Edmund Terence. 2006. The 2004 Malaysian General Elections: Economic Development, Electoral Trends, and the Decline of the Opposition.” In Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges, eds. Saw Swee-Hock and K. Kesavapany. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Hamid, Ahmad Fauzi Abdul. 2006. The UMNO-PAS Struggle: Analysis of PAS’s Defeat in 2004.” In Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges, eds. Saw Swee-Hock and K. Kesavapany. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Hassan, Hassan. 2016. The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Research Report.

Hutchinson, Francis E. 2018. Malaysia’s 14th General Elections: Drivers and Agents of Change.” Asian Affairs 49(4): 582–605.

Ibrahim, Safie B. 1981. The Islamic Party of Malaysia Its Formative Stage and Ideology. Kelantan: Nuawi bin Ismail Publication.

Izzudin, Mustafa. 2015. The Pakatan Rakyat Collapse: Implications for Party Politics in Malaysia.” Perspective 41.

Jan, Wan Saiful Wan. 2017. The Splintering of the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS) and the Spread of Progressive Ideas.” Presented at the The Fifth International Conference of the Istanbul Network for Liberty, Kuala Lumpur.

———. 2018. GE14: Will Urban Malays Support Pakatan Harapan?” In Trends in Southeast Asia, Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.

Kaos, Joseph. 2015. Tun M: PAS’ Hudud Is Just to Fish for Votes.” The Star Online 4(1).

Kassim, Yang Razali. 2017. Najib’s U-Turn Over Hudud Bill: Election Gambit or Fight for Survival?” In RSIS Commentary, Singapore: Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU.

Krauss, Ellis S., and Robert J. Pekkanen. 2010. The Rise and Fall of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party.” The Journal of Asian Studies 69(1): 5–15.

Malaysia’s Opposition Pulls Off Shocking Election Win.” 2018. Al Jazeera.

Malik, Maszlee. 2017. From Political Islam to Democrat Muslim: A Case Study of Rashid Ghannouchi’s Influence on Abim, Ikram, Amanah and Dap.” Intellectual Discourse 25(1): 21–55.

Mat Sabu Likens PAS Muktamar to Ethnic Cleansing”.” 2015. New Straits Times.

Matthew, Levitt. 2014. Terrorist Financing and the Islamic State. Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Research report.

Mauzy, Diane K., and Robert Stephen Milne. 2002. Singapore Politics Under the People’s Action Party. London: Routledge.

McCants, William. 2015. The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St. Martin’s Publishing Group.

McFate, Jessica Lewis. 2015. The ISIS Defense in Iraq and Syria: Counteracting an Adaptive Enemy. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of War. Research report.

Mimbar Ulama. 2004. Negara Islam Antara Realiti Dan Cabaran. Bandar Baru Bangi: Dewan Ulama PAS Pusat.

Mokhtar, Tunku Mohar, and Abdul Rashid Moten. 2006. The 2004 General Elections in Malaysia: A Mandate to Rule.” Asian Survey 46(2): 319–40.

Moniruzzaman, M., and Kazi Fahmida Farzana. 2018. Malaysia’ 14th General Election: End of an Epoch, and Beginning of a New?” Intellectual Discourse 26(1): 207–28.

Nurdin, Ahmad Ali. 2003. Islam as Seen through the Eyes of Western Media.” Straits Time Singapore.

Oosterveld, Willem Theo, and Willem Bloem. 2017. The Rise and Fall of ISIS: From Evitability to Inevitability. The Hague: The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Research report.

Parti Islam Se Malaysia. 2003. Negara Islam. Selangor: Angkatan Edaran ent. Sdn. Bhd.

———. 2018. Manifesto PAS Kelantan 2008. Kelantan: Badan Perhubungan PAS Negeri Kelantan.

Pejabat Agung PAS Pusat. 2002. Perlembagaan Parti Islam Se Malaysia Pindaan 2001. Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Pemantau. 2018. Election Observation Report of the 14th Malaysian General Election. Petaling Jaya: Bersih & Adil Network Sdn Bhd.

Priyowidodo, Gatut. 2016. Politics and Organization in Opposition: Patterns of Communication and Decision Making in Parti Keadilan Rakyat (the People’s Justice Party) of Malaysia.” The Social Sciences 11(2): 113–18.

Rahman, Serina. 2018. Should Malaysia Expect an Islamist Backlash?” Perspective, Yusof Ishak Institute Analyse Current Events 54: 1–11.

Rauf, Imam Feisal Abdul. 2015. Defining Islamic Statehood: Measuring and Indexing Contemporary Muslim States. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rawa, Mujahid Yusuf. 2015. Pidato Rasmi Deklarasi Pembentukan Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH).”

Rejwan, Nissim. 2000. The Many Faces of Islam: Perspectives on a Resurgent Civilization. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.

Rosiny, Stephan. 2014. The Caliph’s New Clothes: The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.” GIGA Focus International Edition (06): 1–8.

Saleem, Salena. 2017. Malaysia’s New Opposition Party Bersatu: Balancing Potential with Public Image.” RSIS Commentary 39(3). https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/co17039-malaysias-new-opposition-party-bersatu-balancing-potential-with-public-image/#.X0eDUZP1W8g.

Salleh, Kamarudin Haji. 2006. [Ms] Politik Melayu: Konsep ‘Negara Islam’ UMNO Dan PAS.” Islāmiyyāt 28. http://ejournal.ukm.my/islamiyyat/article/view/1961.

Stern, Jessica, and J. M. Berger. 2015. ISIS: The State of Terror. New York: HarperCollins.

Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya. 2018. Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia.” www.pru14.spr.gov.my/#!/home (May 25, 2018).

Teik, Khoo Boo. 2004. A Transition and Two Elections: Between the General Election and the UMNO Election, Abdullah Has Two Choices.” Aliran Monthly 24(2).

Tripathi, Amales, and Amitava Tripathi. 2014. Indian National Congress and the Struggle for Freedom, 1885-1947. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Weiss, Caleb. 2017. Islamic State-Loyal Group Calls for People to Join the Jihad in the Congo.” The Long War Journal.

Williams, Paul L. 2002. Al Qaeda: Brotherhood of Terror. New York: Alpha.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v27i2.11909 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
All publication by Studia Islamika are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Studia Islamika, ISSN: 0215-0492, e-ISSN: 2355-6145

View My Stats