Shaping a Sustainable Future: How Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Drive Low-Carbon Development
Abstract
Research Originality: The study examines the impact of deforestation, energy use, transportation, and industrialization in North Sumatra from 1991 to 2021 on low-carbon development. It aims to understand environmental change drivers and propose strategies to mitigate their negative effects on development.
Research Objectives: This research aims to explore the relationship between deforestation, energy consumption, land transportation, and industrialization as factors influencing low-carbon development.
Research Methods: The study examines factors influencing low-carbon development in North Sumatra from 1991 to 2021, including energy consumption, land transportation, industrialization, and deforestation, influenced by population density and property rights.
Empirical Results: The study reveals that deforestation, energy consumption, land transportation, and industrialization significantly impact low-carbon development in North Sumatra, with population density positively influencing deforestation.
Implications: The research suggests that the government should implement policies to reduce deforestation, increase public transportation usage, and promote electric vehicles to achieve low-carbon development, promote efficient energy consumption, and encourage environmentally friendly technological innovation.
JEL Classification: F21, F43, G18, H21, R23
How to Cite:
Siregar, E. S. (2025). Shaping a Sustainable Future: How Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Drive Low-Carbon Development. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44779.
Keywords
References
Androniceanu, A., Veith, C., Ionescu, Ștefan A., Marinescu, P., Sima, A. G., & Paru, A. (2024). Shaping Sustainable Futures: Public Policies and Renewable Energy Insights Based on Global Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 16(12), 4957.
Begum, R. A., Raihan, A., & Said, M. N. M. (2020). Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth and Forested Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia. Sustainability, 12(22), 9375. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229375
Choudhari, T. P., Illahi, U., Al-Hosni, M., Caulfield, B., & O’Mahony, M. (2024). Decarbonising Shared Mobility: The Potential of Shared Electric Vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 133, 104313.
Cozma, A. C., Coroș, M. M., Pop, A. M., Gavrilescu, I., & Dinucă, N. C. (2023). Corruption, Deforestation, and Tourism – Europe Case Study. Heliyon, 9(8), e19075.
Dong, J., He, J., Li, X., Mou, X., & Dong, Z. (2020). The Effect of Industrial Structure Change on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis. Journal of Systems Science and Information, 8(1), 1–16. h
Duchelle, A. E., Simonet, G., Sunderlin, W. D., & Wunder, S. (2018). What is REDD+ Achieving on the Ground? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 32, 134–140.
Ehigiamusoe, K. U., Lean, H. H., Mustapha, M., & Ramakrishnan, S. (2023). Industrialization, Globalization, ICT, and Environmental Degradation in Malaysia: A Frequency Domain Analysis. Heliyon, 9(10), e20699.
Guillaume, T., Kotowska, M. M., Hertel, D., Knohl, A., Krashevska, V., Murtilaksono, K., Scheu, S., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2018). Carbon Costs and Benefits of Indonesian Rainforest Conversion to Plantations. Nature Communications, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04755-y.
Gunawan, H., Setyawati, T., Atmoko, T., Subarudi, Kwatrina, R. T., Yeny, I., Yuwati, T. W., Effendy, R., Abdullah, L., Mukhlisi, Lastini, T., Arini, D. I. D., Sari, U. K., Sitepu, B. S., Pattiselanno, F., & Kuswanda, W. (2024). A Review of Forest Fragmentation in Indonesia under the DPSIR Framework for Biodiversity Conservation Strategies. Global Ecology and Conservation, 51, e02918.
Guo, L., Yang, S., Zhang, Q., Zhou, L., & He, H. (2023). Examining the Nonlinear and Synergistic Effects of Multidimensional Elements on Commuting Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021616.
Harahap, M., Basyuni, M., Sulistiyono, N., Sasmito, S. D., Latifah, S., Delvian, Amelia, R., Bimantara, Y., Harahap, S. S. H., Larekeng, S. H., Sumarga, E., Al Mustaniroh, S. S., Slamet, B., Arifanti, V. B., & Ali, H. M. (2023). Carbon Stock and CO2 Fluxes in Various Land Covers in Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(21), 15196.
Hariram, N. P., Mekha, K. B., Suganthan, V., & Sudhakar, K. (2023). Sustainalism: An Integrated Socio-Economic-Environmental Model to Address Sustainable Development and Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(13), 10682.
Hoa, P. X., Xuan, V. N., & Thu, N. T. P. (2024). Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Sustainable Development Goals – New Insights into Six Asian Developed Countries. Heliyon, 10(21), e39943.
Jie, Y., & Lan, J. (2024). Dynamic Linkages between Human Capital, Natural Resources, and Economic Growth – Impact on Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Heliyon, 10(14), e33536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33536.
Kinda, H., & Thiombiano, N. (2021). The Effects of Extractive Industries Rent on Deforestation in Developing Countries. Resources Policy, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102203
Kotronoulas, G., Miguel, S., Dowling, M., Fernández-Ortega, P., Colomer-Lahiguera, S., Bağçivan, G., Pape, E., Drury, A., Semple, C., Dieperink, K. B., & Papadopoulou, C. (2023). An Overview of the Fundamentals of Data Management, Analysis, and Interpretation in Quantitative Research. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 39(2), 1–9.
Lawasi, M. A. (2024). Unveiling the Shortcomings of Social Forestry Programs in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Farmer Empowerment Initiatives. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 12(3), 866–889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i3.945.
Li, B. V., Jenkins, C. N., & Xu, W. (2022). Strategic Protection of Landslide Vulnerable Mountains for Biodiversity Conservation under Land-Cover and Climate Change Impacts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(2).
Lieke, S. D., Spiller, A., & Busch, G. (2023). Can Consumers Understand that There is More to Palm Oil than Deforestation? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 39, 495–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2023.05.037.
Liu, B., Roopsind, A., & Sohngen, B. (2024). Overlapping Extractive Land Use Rights Increases Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Managed Natural Production Forests. World Development, 174, 106441.
Mahalik, M. K., Le, T. H., Le, H. C., & Mallick, H. (2022). How Do Sources of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Affect Life Expectancy? Insights from 68 Developing and Emerging Economies. World Development Sustainability, 1, 100003.
Mehmood, S., Zaman, K., Khan, S., Ali, Z., & Khan, H. ur R. (2024). The Role of Green Industrial Transformation in Mitigating Carbon Emissions: Exploring the Channels of Technological Innovation and Environmental Regulation. Energy and Built Environment, 5(3), 464–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.03.001.
Najicha, F. U., Mukhlishin, Supiandi, Saparwadi, & Sulthani, D. A. (2023). The Shaping of Future Sustainable Energy Policy in Management Areas of Indonesia’s Energy Transition. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(2), 361–382.
Qamruzzaman, M. (2024). Do Natural Resources Bestow or Curse the Environmental Sustainability in Cambodia? Nexus between Clean Energy, Urbanization, and Financial Deepening, Natural Resources, and Environmental Sustainability. Energy Strategy Reviews, 53, 101412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101412.
Raihan, A. (2023). The Influences of Renewable Energy, Globalization, Technological Innovations, and Forests on Emission Reduction in Colombia. Innovation and Green Development, 2(4), 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2023.100071.
Raihan, A., Pavel, M. I., Muhtasim, D. A., Farhana, S., Faruk, O., & Paul, A. (2023). The Role of Renewable Energy Use, Technological Innovation, and Forest Cover Toward Green Development: Evidence from Indonesia. Innovation and Green Development, 2(1), 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2023.100035
Raihan, A., & Tuspekova, A. (2022). The Nexus between Economic Growth, Energy Use, Urbanization, Tourism, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: New Insights from Singapore. Sustainability Analytics and Modeling, 2, 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.samod.2022.100009
Singh, M., & Yan, S. (2021). Spatial–Temporal Variations in Deforestation Hotspots in Sumatra and Kalimantan from 2001–2018. Ecology and Evolution, 11(12), 7302–7314.
Siregar, E. S., Sentosa, S. U., & Satrianto, A. (2024). Capital Formation and Production of Carbon Emissions in Low-Carbon Development. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 10(2), 759–772. https://doi.org/10.22035/gjesm.2024.02.21.
Solaymani, S. (2022). CO2 Emissions and The Transport Sector in Malaysia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.774164.
Stacey, N., Gibson, E., Loneragan, N. R., Warren, C., Wiryawan, B., Adhuri, D. S., Steenbergen, D. J., & Fitriana, R. (2021). Developing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries Livelihoods in Indonesia: Trends, Enabling and Constraining Factors, and Future Opportunities. Marine Policy, 132, 104654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104654.
Sunny, F. A., Jeronen, E., & Lan, J. (2025). Influential Theories of Economics in Shaping Sustainable Development Concepts. Administrative Sciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15010006.
Voumik, L. C., & Ridwan, M. (2023). Impact of FDI, Industrialization, and Education on the Environment in Argentina: ARDL Approach. Heliyon, 9(1), e12872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12872.
Wang, X., Dong, X., Zhang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2024). Transportation Carbon Reduction Technologies: A Review of Fundamentals, Application, and Performance. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 11(6), 1340–1377.
Wang, Y., He, Y., & Gao, X. (2025). Synergizing Renewable Energy and Circular Economy Strategies: Pioneering Pathways to Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability, 17(5), 1801. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051801.
Yang, Y., Xia, S., Huang, P., & Qian, J. (2024). Energy Transition: Connotations, Mechanisms and Effects. Energy Strategy Reviews, 52, 101320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101320.
Yu, Y., Zhao, J., Musah, M., Owusu-Akomeah, M., Nkyi, J. A., Li, J., Appiagyei Ampong, G. O., Kumah, E. A., Cao, S., Xu, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, L., Hui, C., & Li, K. (2024). Does Industrialization Promote the Emission Mitigation Agenda of East Africa? A Pathway toward Environmental Sustainability. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1305852.
DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44779
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
