Comparison of the Thoughts on Tawḥid of al-Sheikh ‘Abd al-Jabbār and Abī al-Ḥasan al-‘Ash’arī

Rif'at Husnul Ma'afi, Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi, Azhar Taufiqurrahman, Ahmad Chaidir

Abstract


This article discusses Tauhid by two prominent mutakallim figures, namely al-Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār and al-‘Ash’arī using literature review and analytical and comparative methods. These two figures have similarities and differences in the concept of tauhid. ‘Abd al-Jabbār denies the azaliyah qualities that Allah has attached to Himself, because pinning these qualities to Allah will have an impact on divine dualism, and will also plunge a person into tajsim and tasybih, so he sees that Allah's nature is in essence, God himself. This statement was then opposed by al-Ash’arī, arguing that the nature of Allah is not His essence and nothing else, it means that the attributes of Allah are qadim. This is what the Mu’tazilah denied because it causes the number of qadim to be counted. The results of this study conclude that they agree on the oneness of Allah and provide evidence for it, refute things that lead to tasybih and tajsim, and takyif against Allah SWT. In addition, denying the possibility of seeing Allah in the world, and believing that Allah has the nature of kalam even though they differ in defining these attributes. While the difference between these two figures, first is in terms of their manhaj in determining aqidah. Second, in interpreting monotheism, the relationship between essence and nature, the nature of faith, interpretation of mutasyabih verses, the word of God, ru’yatullah in the hereafter.

Keywords


Tawḥid; ‘Abd al-Jabbār; Abī al-Ḥasan al-‘Ash’arī; the Nature of Allah; Comparative Study

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adi, Deki Ridho. “Ru’yatullah Perspektif Mu’tazilah Dan Ahl Al-Sunnah Wal Jama’ah (Studi Komparatif Tafsīr Al-Kasshāf Karya Al-Zamakhshary Dan Mafātīḥ Al-Ghayb Karya Al-Rāzī).” Studia Quranika 3, no. 2 (January 25, 2019). https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/quranika/article/view/2691.

Al-‘Asyari, Abu Hasan. Al-Ibānah ‘an Ushūl Al-Diyānah. 2nd ed. Mesir: Daar al-Kutub li al-Nasr wa al-Tauzī’, 1987.

———. Maqālāt Al-Islāmiyyah Wa Ikhtilāf Al-Musallīn. Mesir: Daar Al-Hadis, 2009.

Al-Bayjuri, Al-Imam. Tuhfah Al-Murīd ‘Ala Jauhar Al-Tauhīd. Mesir: Darusalam Press, 2017.

Al-Dhūhiy, Ali Ibn Sa’īd Ibn Sāleh. ‘Ārā’ ‘Ulamā’ Al-Mu’tazilah Al-Ushūliyyah Dirāsatan Wa Taqqīman. 2nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabah Al-Rasyad, 1996.

Al-Ghazali, Al-Imam. Al-Iqtiṣād Fī Al-I’tiqād. Mesir: Maktabah Al-Jundiy, n.d.

———. Kitāb Al-‘Arba’Īn Fī Ushūl Al-Dīn. Damaskus: Daar al-Qalam, 2003.

Al-Mu’taq, ‘Iwad bin Abdullah. Al-Mu’tazilah Wa Uṣūlihim Al-Khamsah Wa Mauqif Ahl Al-Sunnah Minhā. Riyadh: Maktabah Al-Rasyad, n.d.

Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Anshari. Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Qur’an. Edited by Ahmad Al-Burduni and Ibrahim Athfish. 2nd ed. Mesir: Daar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah, 1964.

Al-Syahrasytani, Abu Al-Fath Muhammad bin Abdul Karim bin Abi Bakar. Al-Milal Wa Al-Niḥal. Beirut: Daar Al-Fikr, 1993.

Al-Thabari, Abu Ja’far Ibn Jarir. Tafsir Al-Thabari: Jāmi’ Al-Bayān ‘an Ta’Wīl Āy Al-Qur’ān. Edited by Abdullah Ibn Abdullah al-Muhsin Al-Turkiy. Mekah: Dār al-Hijr li al-Tiba’an wa al-Nasr wa al-Tauzi’ wa al-I’lan, 2001.

Armayanto, Harda, Adib Fattah Suntoro, and Martin Putra Perdana. “Mutakalimin’s View on the Vision of Allah (Ru’yatullah).” Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Sosial 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 51–68. https://journal.ipmafa.ac.id/index.php/santri/article/view/399.

Badawi, Abdurrahman. Madzāhib Al-Islāmiyyīn. Beirut: Daar Al-‘Ilm Lissalābin, 1997.

Baharudin, M. “Paham Teologi Rasional Mu’tazilah Di Indonesia.” Al-Adyan 5, no. 1 (2010): 99–104.

Hanifah, Abu. “Aliran Mu’tazilah Dan Asy’ariyah.”

Ibnu Katsir. Tafsīr Ibn Katsīr. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1981.

Ibrahim, Muhammad Mansur. Tauḥīd Al-Asmā’ Wa Al-Ṣifāt, 2019.

Jabbar, Al-Qadhi Abdul. Al-Mukhtashar Fī Ushūl Al-Dīn. Damaskus: Maktabah Multaqa Jā’mi’ah al-Iktroniyyah, n.d.

———. Syarh Al-Ushul Al-Khamsah. 3rd ed. Mesir: Maktabah Wahbah, 1996.

Jabbar, Al-Qādi ‘Abdul. Syarh Al-Uṣūl Al-Khamsah. 3rd ed. Mesir: Maktabah Wahbah, 1996.

Ma’afi, Rif’at Husnul, and Rahmadani Adi Yatma. “Qadiyyah Ru’yatillāh Fī Al-Ākhirah Inda Al-Qādī ‘Abdul Jabbār Wa Abī Al-Hasan Al- ‘Asy’Arī.” Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 165–176.

Mukhtar, Imam. Al-Adyān. Ponorogo: Darussalam Press, n.d.

Musa, Jalal Mahmud Abdul Al-Hamid. Nash’ah Al-‘Asyariyah Wa Taṭawwuruha. Beirut: Daar Al-Kitab, 1975.

Muslim, Imam. Shaḥīḥ Muslim. 9th ed. Istanbul: Dār Thayyibah, 2006.

Nasution, Harun. Teologi Islam: Aliran-Aliran, Sejarah, Analisa, Perbandingan. Jakarta: UI Press, 1972.

Tihami. “Al-Ash’ari and His Concept of Tawhid.” Al-Qalam 2, no. 1 (1996): 49–59.

Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah. “Aqidah Al-Tauhid Baina Al-Tasawwuf Al-Sunni Wa Al-Tasawwuf Al-Falsafi.” TSAQAFAH 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 378. http://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsaqafah/article/view/126.

———. Dirāsah Fī ‘Ilm Al-Kalām. Ponorogo: University of Darussalam Press, 2016.

———. Dirāsah Fī ‘Ilm Al-Kalām. 5th ed. Ponorogo: Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press, 2016.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v23i2.27237 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


FACULTY OF USHULUDDIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

Office: Faculty of Ushuluddin Building - 2nd Floor R. Jurnal - Jl. Ir. Juanda No. 95 Ciputat Jakarta

Phone/fax: +62-21-7493677/+62-21-7493579 - email: jurnalrefleksi@apps.uinjkt.ac.id


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

View Refleksi's Stats