POLITICAL TOLERANCE IN INDONESIAN-MUSLIM

Rena latifa, Melanie Nyhof, Muthia Rahmah, Abdul Rahman Saleh

Abstract


Abstract  

In the field of political behavior, tolerance is a crucial element to keep harmonious relationship. Studies should be able to measure a valid construct of tolerance in an effort to understand it further. Ferrar (1979) conducted a research focusing on the concept of political tolerance and theorized political tolerance to have three dimensions, namely flexible, approval, and allowance. This study aims to construct a political tolerance scale based on Ferrar’s concept and dimensions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is employed to test the construct validity and dimensionality of the Political Tolerance Scale. Participants were 300 Indonesian-Muslims. The results support the Political Tolerance Scale as a unidimensional scale consists of flexible, approval, and allowance dimensions. However, the limitation of the samples’ characteristic suggests future studies to conduct further researches on samples with different characteristics.

Abstract

Dalam ilmu perilaku politik, toleransi adalah merupakan elemen penting untuk menjaga keharmonisan hubungan. Kajian saintifik harus mampu mengukur konstruk toleransi yang valid dalam upaya memahaminya lebih jauh. Ferrar (1979) melakukan penelitian yang berfokus pada konsep toleransi politik dimana toleransi politik diteorikan memiliki tiga dimensi, yaitu fleksibel, persetujuan, dan pengakomodiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi alat ukur toleransi politik. Analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA) digunakan untuk menguji validitas konstruk dan dimensi Skala Toleransi. Pesertanya adalah 300 orang Muslim Indonesia. Hasil yang didapat mendukung Skala Toleransi Politik sebagai skala unidimensional yang terdiri dari dimensi fleksibel, persetujuan, dan pengakomodiran. Namun, keterbatasan karakteristik sampel mendorong studi selanjutnya untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada karakteristik sampel yang berbeda.

 


Keywords


tolerance; tolerance scale; construct validity; CFA; Indonesian-Muslims; toleransi; skala toleransi; validitas konstruk; CFA; Muslim Indonesia

References


Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper.

Baumrind, D. (1998). From “Ought” to “Is”: A neo-Marxist perspective on the use and misuse of the culture construct. Human Development, 41, 145-165.

Bishop, J, C. (1989). Cultural relativism and the virtue of tolerance. In D. M. Topping, D. C. Crowell, & V. N. KObayashi (Eds.), Thinking across cultures. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Brewer, M. B., & Pierce, K. P. (2005). Social identity complexity and outgroup tolerance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271710

Bumiller, E. (1990). May you be the mother of a hundred sons: A journey among the women of India. New York: Ballantine.

Christie, D. J., & Dawes, A. (2001). Tolerance and solidarity. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 7(2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0702_04

Dahl, H. A. (1963). Fine structure of cilia in rat cerebral cortex. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie, 60(3), 369-386.

Djupe, P., & Calfano, B. (2012). American Muslim Investment in Civil Society: Political Discussion, Disagreement, and Tolerance. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 516-528. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41635252

Dynes, W. (1967). Education and tolerance: an analysis of intervening factors. Social Forces, 46(1), 22-34.

Ferrar, J. W., The, S., Sociological, P., & Jan, N. (1976). The Dimensions of Tolerance. The Pacific Sociological Review. 19(1), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1388742

Fishkin, S. F. (1995). Interrogating" whiteness," complicating" blackness": Remapping American culture. American Quarterly, 47(3), 428-466.

Goodwin, J. (1994). Price of honor: Muslim women l$ the veil of silence on the lslamic world. New York Penguin.

Hatch, E. (1983). Culture and morality: The relativity of values in anthropology. New York Columbia University Press.

Herdt, G. (1990). Sambia nosebleeding rites and male proximity to women, In J. W. Stigler, R. A. Shweder, & G. Herdt (Eds.), Cultural psychology: Essays on comparative human development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Huckfeldt, R., P. E. Johnson, and J. Sprague. 2004. Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions within Communication Networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Huckfeldt, R., & Sprague, J. (1988). Choice, social structure, and political information: The information coercion of minorities. American Journal of Political Science, 467-482. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111132

Ibadova, T. (2011). The problem of tolerance in modern foreign psychology. Вестник Российского Университета Дружбы Народов. Серия: Психология И Педагогика, 3, 68–74.

McClosky, H., & Brill, A. (1983). Dimensions of tolerance: What Americans believe about civil liberties. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

McClurg, S. D. 2003. “The Role of Social Networks in Explaining Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 56(4):449–64.

McPhee, W. N. 1963. Formal Theories of Mass Behavior. New York: MacMillan

Mill, J. S. (1956). On Liberty: Edited with an Introduction by Currin V. Shields... Liberal arts Press.

Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(2), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0302_4

Mutz, D. 2002b. “Cross-Cutting Social Networks: Testing Democratic Theory in Practice.” American Political Science Review 96(1):111–26.

Nir, L. (2005). Ambivalent social networks and their consequences for participation. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17(4), 422-442.

Parsons, B. (2010). Social Networks and the Affective Impact of Political Disagreement. Political Behavior, (2), 181-204. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40587315

Rindisbacher, H. J. (2018). The Subject of Aesthetics: A Psychology of Art and Experience. The European Legacy, 23(5), 594–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2018.1437991

Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. New York: Basic Book Inc, Publishers.

Sokhey, A. E., & McClurg, S. D. (2012). Social networks and correct voting. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 751-764.

Sprague, John. 1982. “Is There a Micro-Theory Consistent with Contextual Analysis?” In Strategies of Political Inquiry, ed. Elinor Ostrom, 99–121. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Stouffer, Samuel A. 1955. Communism, Conformity and Civil Liberties. New York: Doubleday.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/mimbar.v38i2.25145

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.