TERAPI GEN: DARI BIOTEKNOLOGI UNTUK KESEHATAN
Abstract
Abstrak
Rekayasa genetika dilakukannya untuk manipulasi gen-gen tertentu sehingga ekspresi gen dapat dikontrol dan produknya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan tertentu, salah satunya untuk pengobatan penyakit dengan terapi gen. Terapi ini melibatkan transfer asam nukleat berupa DNA ke sel embrionik maupun somatik pasien sehingga gen tersebut memiliki efek pengobatan terhadap penyakit pasien. Gen fungsional yang ditransfer berperan menggantikan fungsi gen abnormal yang menyebabkan penyakit tertentu. Terapi gen dapat dilakukan pada sel embrional (germ line gene therapy) maupun sel somatik (somatic cells gene therapy) pada pasien secara in vivo maupun ex vivo. Penyisipan gen pada terapi ini menggunakan vektor virus maupun non virus. Keberhasilan terapi gen salah satunya tergantung pada efektifitas transfer gen yang dilakukan dan ekspresi gen fungsional. Gen fungsional yang telah tertransfer selanjutnya harus diekspresikan dengan baik sehingga terapi dapat berhasil. Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memungkinkan dilakukannya terapi gen, terkait dengan adanya abnormalitas gen penyebab proliferasi sel yang tidak terkontrol.
Abstract
Genetic engineering has the ability to manipulate specific genes so its expression can be controlled. The control of gene expression can be used as a gene functional for appropriate purposes, such as diseases cure with gene therapy. This therapy involves DNA as nucleic acid which is transfer to embryonic or somatic cells of patients with certain diseases. The purpose of the gene therapy is to switch an abnormal gene to be a functional gene which has a cure effect for the disease. The functional gene has to substitute the abnormal gene leads to certain disease, either germ line gene therapy or somatic cells therapy. The gene therapy needs a vector to carry the functional gene to targeted cells, in vivo or ex vivo. The vector can be used viral or non viral vectors. The possibilities of achievement of its therapy depend on gene transfer effectiveness and also functional gene expression. The cancer is the one of diseases which can be treated with the gene therapy due to its uncontrolled gene of cell proliferation.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v10i1.4864 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
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