Ulasan: Beberapa Jamur Liar yang Berpotensi Menyebabkan Keracunan di Indonesia
Abstract
Abstrak
Jamur merupakan fungi dengan bentuk makroskopik yang terdistribusi pada berbagai relung ekologi. Pemanfaatan jamur sebagai bahan pangan dan medis telah dilakukan sejak lama di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Namun, karena secara morfologi tubuh buah jamur sering kali terlihat identik antara satu dengan lainnya, keracunan jamur menjadi resiko yang sering muncul. Hingga saat ini catatan keragaman, potensi pemanfaatan, dan informasi mengenai keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia masih sangat minim. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi beberapa jamur liar beracun (hasil penelitian penulis, diskusi dengan penggiat jamur, dan studi literatur) yang dilengkapi dengan deskripsi jamur sebagai media diseminasi ilmu mikologi. Sebanyak 11 kelompok jamur diuraikan pada tulisan ini yaitu Amanita spp., Chlorophyllum molybdites, Clarkeindat trachodes, Cantharocybe cf. virosa, dan Coprinus spp. Pada fase tua, Gymnopilus sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Podostroma cornu-damae, dan Scleroderma spp.Beberapa jamur tersebut telah dilaporkan menyebabkan keracunan hingga kematian di Indonesia. Sebagian besar kasus keracunan terjadi akibat kesalahan identifikasi beracun sebagai jamur edible. Namun, beberapa genus jamur yang dilaporkan juga memiliki spesies yang bisa dikonsumsi pada jenis yang tepat atau umur tubuh buah. Identifikasi yang baik dan pengalaman saat merambah jamur liar merupakan salah satu cara untuk membedakan jamur liar beracun dan konsumsi.
Abstract
Mushrooms are macroscopic forms of fungi that are distributed in various ecological niches. The utilization of mushrooms as food and medical ingredients has been done for a long time all over the world, including Indonesia. However, because morphologically the fruiting bodies of mushrooms often look identical to each other, mushroom poisoning is a risk that often arises. Until now, records of diversity, potential utilization, and information on wild mushroom poisoning in Indonesia are still minimal. This review aims to provide information on several poisonous wild mushrooms (the results of the author's research, discussions with mushroom activists, and literature studies) equipped with mushroom descriptions as a medium for disseminating mycological science. A total of 11 groups of fungi are described in this paper, namely Amanita spp., Chlorophyllum molybdites, Clarkeindat trachodes, Cantharocybe cf. virosa, and Coprinus spp. in the old phase, Gymnopilus sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Podostroma cornu-damae, and Scleroderma spp. Some of these fungi have been reported to cause poisoning and death in Indonesia. Most of the poisoning cases occurred due to misidentification of the poisonous mushrooms as edible mushrooms. However, some of the reported fungal genus mushrooms also have species that can be consumed at the right type or age of the fruiting body. Good identification and experience when foraging for wild mushrooms is one way to differentiate between poisonous and edible wild mushrooms.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v1i1.34781 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
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