Dampak Aplikasi Border Plant Pada Sistem Budi Daya Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) Terhadap Interaksi dengan Serangga Penyerbuk dan Kualitas Buah yang Dihasilkan
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat dampak aplikasi border plant (bunga kenikir, Cosmos suphureus) pada proses penyerbukan pada tanaman produksi (dengan tanaman mentimun sebagai model) oleh serangga liar maupun serangga domestikasi telah dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan terhadap aktivitas dari serangga penyerbuk dalam bentuk jumlah kunjungan per bunga (Visitation Rate, (VR)) dan waktu yang dihabiskan pada bunga (Flower Handling Time, (FHT)) serta dampak dari aktivitas tersebut terhadap kualitas dari buah yang ditentukan berdasarkan panjang, diameter, dan bobot buah yang dihasilkan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa serangga penyerbuk yang mengunjungi bunga mentimun pada sistem border plant adalah Tetragonula laeviceps, Apis cerana, Xylocopa confusa, dan Xylocopa latipes sedangkan pada perlakuan non-border plant (kontrol) adalah Tetragonula laeviceps dan Apis cerana. Aktivitas serangga pada sistem border plant adalah VR dari T. laeviceps, A. cerana, X. confusa, dan X. latipes berturut-turut adalah 29,75%; 13%; 6,25%; dan 9,5% serta (2) FHT adalah 0,39; 12,09; 0,20; dan 0,19 detik. Sementara itu, nilai VR pada perlakuan non-border plant bagi A. cerana dan T. laeviceps adalah 13,5% dan 4% dengan nilai FHT sebesar 0,14 dan 0,92 detik. Kualitas terbaik buah mentimun terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan border plant dengan panjang buah 18,3 cm, diameter 36,9 cm, dan bobot 171,9 gram sedangkan kualitas buah terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan non-border plant dengan panjang buah 10,2 cm, diameter 29,2 cm dan bobot 77,6 g.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of using border plant (Cosmos suphureus) on the interaction between crop (cucumber, Cucumis sativus) and pollinating insects, either wild or domesticated. The observation was conducted on the activities of the pollinating insects in term of number of visitation per flower (Visitation Rate (VH)) and times spend in flower (Flower Handling Time (FHT)) and the quality of the harvested products (length, diameter, and weight). The pollinating insects found at area with application of border plant consisted of Tetragonula laeviceps, Apis cerana, Xylocopa confusa, and Xylocopa latipes, while insects found at area without border plant were Tetragonula laeviceps and Apis cerana. The insect activity of T. laeviceps, A. cerana, X. confusa, and X. latipes for observation of (1) VR were 29.75%, 13%, 6.25%, and 9.5%, respectively and (2) FHT were 0.39 s, 12.09 s, 0.20 s, and 0.19 s, respectively. On the other hand, VR of A. cerana and T. laeviceps at non-border treatment area were 13.5% and 4%, respectively, and the FHT were 0.14 s and 0.92 s, respectively. The highest quality of cucumber produced was found at area with border plant treatment with fruit length of 18.3 cm, diameter of 36.9 cm, and weight of 171.9 grams. Meanwhile, the lowest fruit quality was obtained in the non-border plant treatment with fruit length of 10.2 cm, diameter of 29.2 cm and weight of 77.6 grams.
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