Allelopathy of Invasive Species Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Its Effect on Seed Germination of Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume
Abstract
Abstrak
Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) merupakan salah satu tanaman invasif yang menciptakan masalah lingkungan. D bulbifera mengandung alelopati yang memengaruhi proses fisiologis pada spesies lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh alelopati berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun dan umbi D. bulbifera L. terhadap perkecambahan biji Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sepuluh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak D. bulbifera 25, 50, 75, 100%, dan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji skrining fitokimia, semua metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak daun menunjukkan hasil yang positif. Senyawa golongan saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan steroid/terpenoid terdeteksi dengan kuat sedangkan senyawa alkaloid kurang kuat. Senyawa fenol tersebut adalah fenol, 1,2-benzenediol (dalam ekstrak daun) dan fenol, 1,2-benzendiol, 1,4-benzendiol, dan 2-metoksifenol (dalam ekstrak umbi). Berdasarkan uji perkecambahan, ekstrak metanol umbi dan daun D. bulbifera berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya kecambah, koefisien kecepatan berkecambah, dan koefisien keserempakan berkecambah S. selanica. Konsentrasi yang menurunkan viabilitas biji terendah adalah pada konsentrasi 75% dan 100% dengan rata-rata daya kecambah 10,00 ± 6,32 % (pada ektrak umbi) dan 0,00 ± 6,32 % (pada ektrak daun).
Abstract
Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) is one of the most unutilized invasive plants. This plant contains allelopathy that affects the physiological process of native species. This study aimed to discover the type of allelochemical in D. bulbifera and its effect on seed germination of Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatment given was the different concentration of D. bulbifera extract of 25, 50, 75, 100%, and control. Based on phytochemical screening tests, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and steroid/terpenoid compounds were detected in leaf and tuber extract. The total phenolic in leaf extract was more significant than that in the tuber extract of D. bulbifera but the type of phenolic compounds was lower. The phenolic compounds were phenol, 1,2-benzenediol (in leaf extracts) and phenol, 1,2-benzendiol, 1,4-benzendiol, and 2-methoxyphenol (in tuber extracts). Based on the germination test, it was found that the methanol extract from the tubers and leaf of D. bulbifera significantly affected the germination capacity, coefficient rate of germination, and simultaneity coefficient of germination of S. selanica. It was found that treatment of concentration of 75% and 100% resulted in the lowest seed viability reduction with an average germination rate of 10.00 ± 6.32% (in tuber extracts) and 0.00 ± 6.32% (in leaf extracts).
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