Psychometric Properties of Creative Personality Scale Among Secondary School Students

Rahmat Aziz, Ullrich Guenther

Abstract


Understanding the creative personality of students has significant implications for their future success and well-being. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of the Creative Personality Scale in secondary school students. Data were collected from 275 students in junior and senior high schools. The research process was carried out in five stages in order to obtain a measure of creative personality that meets the requirements of validity and reliability. The data were analyzed through content validity and construct validity tests. The results of the validity test of the creative personality scale showed two important findings. First, the results of the content validity test found 24 valid items with an alpha Cronbach value of .898. Secondly, the results of the construct validity test showed that not all the modeling criteria could be met. The implications of the findings are that the development of the Creative Personality Scale can make a significant contribution to the field of creativity research and provide a valuable tool for researchers, educators ,and practitioners to better understand and promote creativity in secondary school students.

 

 Pemahaman terhadap kepribadian kreatif pada siswa memiliki implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesuksesan dan kesejahteraan mereka di masa depan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan Skala Kepribadian Kreatif  pada siswa sekolah menengah. Pengujian data dilakukan pada 275 siswa di sekolah menengah pertama dan menengah atas. Proses penelitian dilakukan melalui lima tahapan untuk mendapatkan alat ukur kepribadian kreatif yang memenuhi syarat validitas dan reliabilitas. Data dianalisis melalui pengujian validitas isi dan validitas konstruk. Hasil uji validitas skala kepribadian kreatif menunjukkan adanya dua temuan penting. Pertama, hasil pengujian validitas isi menemukan adanya 24 item valid, dengan nilai Alpha Cronbach .898. Kedua, hasil pengujian validitas konstruk  menemukan tidak semua kriteria pemodelan dapat terpenuhi. Implikasi temuan menyatakan bahwa pengembangan skala kepribadian kreatif dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap bidang penelitian kreativitas dan menyediakan alat yang berharga bagi para peneliti, pendidik, dan praktisi untuk lebih memahami dan menumbuhkan kreativitas pada siswa di sekolah menengah.


Keywords


Confirmatory factor analysis, creative personality scale, psychometric properties, secondary school students, validity and reliability

References


Agnoli, S. (2018). The role of motivation in the prediction of creative achievement inside and outside of school environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.05.005

Akpur, U. (2020). Critical, Reflective, Creative Thinking and Their Reflections on Academic Achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100683

Benjamin, E. (2018). The creative artists support group: a therapeutic environment to promote creativity and mental health through person-centered facilitation. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(2), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2018.1440624

Berardi, A. (2019). Construct validity, test-retest reliability, and the ability to detect change of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in a spinal cord injury population. Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0196-6

Boivin, J., & Ng, S. (2006). Are more data always better for factor analysis? Journal of Econometrics. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440760500045X

Bueno, B. (2018). Creative Writing in Brazil: personal notes on a process. New Writing, 15(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2017.1418385

Chen, B. (2020). Enhance creative performance via exposure to examples: The role of cognitive thinking style. Personality and Individual Differences, 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109663

Cheng, C. (2019). Creative process engagement and new product performance: The role of new product development speed and leadership encouragement of creativity. Journal of Business Research, 99, 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.067

Cheung, R. H. P. (2018). Play-based creativity-fostering practices: the effects of different pedagogical approaches on the development of children’s creative thinking behaviours in a Chinese preschool classroom. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 26(4), 511–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2018.1424725

Dugdale, J. (2019). Reliability and validity of field-based fitness tests in youth soccer players. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(6), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1556739

El-Said, O. (2019). Creative Thinking and Entrepreneurial Attitudes Among Tourism and Hospitality Students: The Moderating Role of the Environment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 31(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2018.1480963

Fatmawati, A. (2019). Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, and Learning Achievement: How They are Related. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1417, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012070

Freiberg-Hoffmann, A. (2019). Creative personality scale. A new version for college students from Argentina. Anales de Psicologia, 35(2), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.2.346131

Garaigordobil, M. (2005). Creative Personality Scale: An exploratory psychometric study. Estudios de Psicologia, 26(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1174/021093905774519026

Garcia, D. (2019). Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile. Heliyon, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01389

Glaveanu, V. P., Hanchett Hanson, M., Baer, J., Barbot, B., Clapp, E. P., Corazza, G. E., Hennessey, B., Kaufman, J. C., Lebuda, I., Lubart, T., Montuori, A., Ness, I. J., Plucker, J., Reiter-Palmon, R., Sierra, Z., Simonton, D. K., Neves-Pereira, M. S., & Sternberg, R. J. (2020). Advancing Creativity Theory and Research: A Socio-cultural Manifesto. In Journal of Creative Behavior (Vol. 54, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.395

Hidayat, T. (2018). The effectiveness of enrichment test instruments design to measure students’ creative thinking skills and problem-solving. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.02.011

Humble, S. (2018). Factor structure of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Figural Form A in Kiswahili speaking children: Multidimensionality and influences on creative behavior. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 27, 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.11.005

Kelly, K. (2006). Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and the Scale of Creative Attributes and Behavior: A validational study. Individual Differences Research, 4(5), 299–305.

Kim, C. (2018). Development and validation of a creativity convergence competency test for university students. Asia Life Sciences, 4, 2743–2754. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85053628168

Krumm, G. (2011). Exploratory study of the psychometric characteristics of the creative personality scale (EPC) in its hetero-evaluation version. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 21–28.

Lerdal, K. (2019). WIP: Assessing the creative person, process, and product in engineering education. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.

Li, C. R. (2020). The curvilinear relationship between within-person creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance: the moderating role of approach/avoidance motivations. Personnel Review, 49(9), 2073–2091. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0171

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192753

Mastria, S. (2018). Creative brain, creative mind, creative person. In Exploring Transdisciplinarity in Art and Sciences (pp. 3–29). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76054-4_1

Notte, S. M. (2012). Content validity and test-retest reliability of patient perception of intensity of urgency scale (PPIUS) for overactive bladder. BMC Urology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-12-26

Palanica, A. (2019). A comparison of nature and urban environments on creative thinking across different levels of reality. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.006

Pürgstaller, E. (2021). Assessment of Creativity in Dance in Children: Development and Validation of a Test Instrument. Creativity Research Journal, 33(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1817694

Qian, M. (2019). Evidence of the Psychometric Integrity of the Creative Personality Scale using Item Response Theory Models. Creativity Research Journal, 31(3), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2019.1647758

Said-Metwaly, S. (2021). Torrance test of creative thinking-verbal, Arabic version: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender, year of study, and academic major. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100768

Sánchez-López, M. (2015). Construct validity and test-retest reliability of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Spanish children aged 9-12 years. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(4), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12267

Shalley, C., Hitt, M. A., Zhou, J., Leung, K., & Wang, J. (2015). A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Creativity. In The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927678.013.0017

Sicotte, H. (2019). Open creative workspaces impacts for new product development team creativity and effectiveness. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 21(4), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-10-2017-0039

Siew, N. M. (2018). Design, development and evaluation of a problem-based with cooperative module on scientific creativity of pre-schoolers. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 17(2), 215–228. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85045967781

Skoglund, W. (2019). Utilizing culture and creativity for sustainable development: Reflections on the City of Östersund’s membership in the UNESCO creative cities network. In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (Vol. 101, pp. 398–405). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92102-0_42

Sternberg, R. (2017). Creativity support policies as a means of development policy for the global South? A critical appraisal of the UNESCO Creative Economy Report 2013. Regional Studies, 51(2), 336–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1174844

Sternberg, R. J. (2018). The Nature of Human Creativity. In The Nature of Human Creativity. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108185936

Sunjin, K., & Choe, I. (2019). The development and evaluation of the effect of creative problem-solving program on young children’s creativity and character. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100590

Szobiová, E. (2003). Self-rating scale of pro-creatively oriented personality (SRSCP-KG) adapted for kindergarten teachers in relation to creative achievements. Studia Psychologica, 45(4), 307–321. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/1642323737

Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & ... (2022). Exploratory factor analysis; concepts and theory. Advances in Applied and …. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4178683

Tan, C. S. (2021). Development and preliminary validation of the 20-item Kaufman domains of Creativity Scale for use with Malaysian populations. Current Psychology, 40(4), 1946–1957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-0124-8

Wang, X. (2022). The functional connectivity basis of creative achievement linked with openness to experience and divergent thinking. Biological Psychology, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108260

Widaman, K. F. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-23865-018

Wright, J. (2019). Breaking the silence and shame of sexual abuse: creative writing for therapeutic purposes (CWTP). Journal of Poetry Therapy, 32(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2019.1548925

Zhou, J. (2020). Creative enough to become an entrepreneur: A multi-wave study of creative personality, education, entrepreneurial identity, and innovation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104043

Agnoli, S. (2018). The role of motivation in the prediction of creative achievement inside and outside of school environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.05.005

Akpur, U. (2020). Critical, Reflective, Creative Thinking and Their Reflections on Academic Achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100683

Benjamin, E. (2018). The creative artists support group: a therapeutic environment to promote creativity and mental health through person-centered facilitation. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(2), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2018.1440624

Berardi, A. (2019). Construct validity, test-retest reliability, and the ability to detect change of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in a spinal cord injury population. Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0196-6

Boivin, J., & Ng, S. (2006). Are more data always better for factor analysis? Journal of Econometrics. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440760500045X

Bueno, B. (2018). Creative Writing in Brazil: personal notes on a process. New Writing, 15(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2017.1418385

Chen, B. (2020). Enhance creative performance via exposure to examples: The role of cognitive thinking style. Personality and Individual Differences, 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109663

Cheng, C. (2019). Creative process engagement and new product performance: The role of new product development speed and leadership encouragement of creativity. Journal of Business Research, 99, 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.067

Cheung, R. H. P. (2018). Play-based creativity-fostering practices: the effects of different pedagogical approaches on the development of children’s creative thinking behaviours in a Chinese preschool classroom. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 26(4), 511–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2018.1424725

Dugdale, J. (2019). Reliability and validity of field-based fitness tests in youth soccer players. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(6), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1556739

El-Said, O. (2019). Creative Thinking and Entrepreneurial Attitudes Among Tourism and Hospitality Students: The Moderating Role of the Environment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 31(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2018.1480963

Fatmawati, A. (2019). Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, and Learning Achievement: How They are Related. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1417, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012070

Freiberg-Hoffmann, A. (2019). Creative personality scale. A new version for college students from Argentina. Anales de Psicologia, 35(2), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.2.346131

Garaigordobil, M. (2005). Creative Personality Scale: An exploratory psychometric study. Estudios de Psicologia, 26(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1174/021093905774519026

Garcia, D. (2019). Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile. Heliyon, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01389

Glaveanu, V. P., Hanchett Hanson, M., Baer, J., Barbot, B., Clapp, E. P., Corazza, G. E., Hennessey, B., Kaufman, J. C., Lebuda, I., Lubart, T., Montuori, A., Ness, I. J., Plucker, J., Reiter-Palmon, R., Sierra, Z., Simonton, D. K., Neves-Pereira, M. S., & Sternberg, R. J. (2020). Advancing Creativity Theory and Research: A Socio-cultural Manifesto. In Journal of Creative Behavior (Vol. 54, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.395

Hidayat, T. (2018). The effectiveness of enrichment test instruments design to measure students’ creative thinking skills and problem-solving. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.02.011

Humble, S. (2018). Factor structure of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Figural Form A in Kiswahili speaking children: Multidimensionality and influences on creative behavior. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 27, 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.11.005

Kelly, K. (2006). Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and the Scale of Creative Attributes and Behavior: A validational study. Individual Differences Research, 4(5), 299–305.

Kim, C. (2018). Development and validation of a creativity convergence competency test for university students. Asia Life Sciences, 4, 2743–2754. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85053628168

Krumm, G. (2011). Exploratory study of the psychometric characteristics of the creative personality scale (EPC) in its hetero-evaluation version. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 21–28.

Lerdal, K. (2019). WIP: Assessing the creative person, process, and product in engineering education. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.

Li, C. R. (2020). The curvilinear relationship between within-person creative self-efficacy and individual creative performance: the moderating role of approach/avoidance motivations. Personnel Review, 49(9), 2073–2091. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0171

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192753

Mastria, S. (2018). Creative brain, creative mind, creative person. In Exploring Transdisciplinarity in Art and Sciences (pp. 3–29). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76054-4_1

Notte, S. M. (2012). Content validity and test-retest reliability of patient perception of intensity of urgency scale (PPIUS) for overactive bladder. BMC Urology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-12-26

Palanica, A. (2019). A comparison of nature and urban environments on creative thinking across different levels of reality. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.006

Pürgstaller, E. (2021). Assessment of Creativity in Dance in Children: Development and Validation of a Test Instrument. Creativity Research Journal, 33(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1817694

Qian, M. (2019). Evidence of the Psychometric Integrity of the Creative Personality Scale using Item Response Theory Models. Creativity Research Journal, 31(3), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2019.1647758

Said-Metwaly, S. (2021). Torrance test of creative thinking-verbal, Arabic version: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender, year of study, and academic major. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100768

Sánchez-López, M. (2015). Construct validity and test-retest reliability of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Spanish children aged 9-12 years. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(4), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12267

Shalley, C., Hitt, M. A., Zhou, J., Leung, K., & Wang, J. (2015). A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Creativity. In The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927678.013.0017

Sicotte, H. (2019). Open creative workspaces impacts for new product development team creativity and effectiveness. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 21(4), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-10-2017-0039

Siew, N. M. (2018). Design, development and evaluation of a problem-based with cooperative module on scientific creativity of pre-schoolers. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 17(2), 215–228. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85045967781

Skoglund, W. (2019). Utilizing culture and creativity for sustainable development: Reflections on the City of Östersund’s membership in the UNESCO creative cities network. In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (Vol. 101, pp. 398–405). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92102-0_42

Sternberg, R. (2017). Creativity support policies as a means of development policy for the global South? A critical appraisal of the UNESCO Creative Economy Report 2013. Regional Studies, 51(2), 336–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1174844

Sternberg, R. J. (2018). The Nature of Human Creativity. In The Nature of Human Creativity. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108185936

Sunjin, K., & Choe, I. (2019). The development and evaluation of the effect of creative problem-solving program on young children’s creativity and character. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100590

Szobiová, E. (2003). Self-rating scale of pro-creatively oriented personality (SRSCP-KG) adapted for kindergarten teachers in relation to creative achievements. Studia Psychologica, 45(4), 307–321. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/1642323737

Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & ... (2022). Exploratory factor analysis; concepts and theory. Advances in Applied and …. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4178683

Tan, C. S. (2021). Development and preliminary validation of the 20-item Kaufman domains of Creativity Scale for use with Malaysian populations. Current Psychology, 40(4), 1946–1957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-0124-8

Wang, X. (2022). The functional connectivity basis of creative achievement linked with openness to experience and divergent thinking. Biological Psychology, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108260

Widaman, K. F. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-23865-018

Wright, J. (2019). Breaking the silence and shame of sexual abuse: creative writing for therapeutic purposes (CWTP). Journal of Poetry Therapy, 32(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2019.1548925

Zhou, J. (2020). Creative enough to become an entrepreneur: A multi-wave study of creative personality, education, entrepreneurial identity, and innovation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104043


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DOI: 10.15408/jp3i.v12i2.31808

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