Analisis Model Hubungan Attachment OrangT  Dan Attachment Sahabat Terhadap Character Strength Dengan Teknik Analisis Structural Equetion Modeling (SEM)

Natris Idriyani

Analisis Model Hubungan Attachment OrangT Dan Attachment Sahabat Terhadap Character Strength Dengan Teknik Analisis Structural Equetion Modeling (SEM)

Natris Idriyani

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin menguji model teoritik hubungan antara kelekatan dengan orang tua dan kelekatan sahabat dengan kekuatan karakter mahasiswa DKI Jakarta.

Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 902 dari universitas yang ada di sekitar DKI Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan inventory dalam bentuk skala. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala kelekatan orang tua dan sahabat, dan skala kekuatan karakter. Untuk menganalisis validitas alat ukur, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Pengujian model fit dan uji hipotesis penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan bantuan program software Lisrel 8.8.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa; terdapat kesesuaian model teoritik - hubungan antara kelekatan orang tua dan kelekatan sahabat serta kekuatan karakter mahasiswa- dengan data.

Purpose of this study was to assess the theoretical model of relationship between attachment to parents and attachment close friend with the character strengths students college in Jakarta.

Respondents in this study amounted to 902 from universities around Jakarta. The sampling technique using cluster random sampling. Methods of data collection in this study using the inventory in the form of scale. Measuring instruments used in this study is the scale of attachment of parents and close friends and the scale character strengths. To analyze the validity of the measuring instrument, this study uses Analysis Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Testing the model fit and test the hypothesis of this study using the technique of Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of a software program lisrel 8.8.

Based on the results of the study, found that; there is a fitness model theoretical- relationship between parental attachment and attachment to close friends and character strengths student college- with data.

Keywords

Kekuatan karakter, kelekatan orang tua, kelekatan sahabat, dan mahasiswa.

References

Ainsworth, M., and Wittig, B. (1969). Attachment and Exploratory Behavior of one-year-olds in a Strange Situation. In Foss, B. M. (Ed.), Determinants of Infant Behavior, Vol. 4. Metheun, London.

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., and Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.

Andri Haryanto, Juli 2013, Kampus di Jakarta Rawan Narkoba, Kisah Mahasiswa Jadi Bandar Lihai, detik.com., Jakarta

Anita Lie, Januari 2010, Pendidikan Karakter Sulit Diterapkan, Kompas.com. Jakarta

Amelia, Mia. 1999. Hubungan Antara Pola Attachment dan Kualitas Persahabatan Remaja. Skripsi : Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran (tidak dipublikasikan)

Armsden, M. S. & Greenberg, M. T. 1987. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment :Individual differences and their relationship to psychosocial well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454

Armsden, G. (1986). Attachment to parents and peers in late adolescence: Relationships to affective status, self-esteem, and coping with loss, threat and challenges. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47(4), October, 1986. Available on microfilm.

Armsden, G. C., and Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Relationships to well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16 (5), 427-454.

Armsden, G. C., McCauley, E., Greenberg, M.T.; Burke, P., and Mitchell, J. (1991). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescence depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 18, 683-61973a).

Bowlby, J. (1973b). Attachment and Loss, Volume 2, Separation, Basic Books, New York.

Bowlby, John. 1978. Attachment and Lost, Volume 1: ATTACHEMENT. New York: Penguin Books Ltd.

Bowlby, John. 1988. A Secure Base: Parent-child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York: Basic Book, Inc.

Bretherton, 1. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and Prospect. In Bretherton, I., and Waters, E. (eds.), Growing Points in Attachment Theory and Research. Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 50, (1-2, Serial No. 209), University of Chicago Press.

Burke, R. J., and Weir, T. (1978). Benefits to Adolescents of Informal Helping Relationships with Parents and Peers. Psychok Rep. 42: 1175-1184.

Berndt, T.J., (1982), The Feature and Effect of Friendship In Early Adolescence, Child Development, 53, 1447-1460

Carr, A. (2004). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths. New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Cassidy, Jude dan Shaver, R., (2008). Handbook of Attachment, Theory, Research and Clinical Application, Second Edition, New York, The Guilford Press.

Colin, V. L. (1993). Human Attachment. New York: McGraw-Hill

Dickie, J. R., Eshleman, A. K., Merasco, D. M., Shepard, A., Vander Wilt, M., & Johnson, M. (1997). Parent-Child Relationships and Children’s Images of God. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36 (1), 25-43

Duckworth, A. L., Steen, T. A., dan Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice. Annual Review Clinical Psychology Vol. 1, pp. 629-651. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org. (17 Maret 2011)

Gable, S. L., dan Haidt, J. (2005). What (and Why) Is Positive Psychology?. Review of General Psychology Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 103-110. http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/articles/gable.haidt.what-is-positive-psychology.pdf (15 April 2011)

Gilang R.S, 1 Juli 2013. Penanaman Budaya Akademik Kampus sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Plagiarism Mahasiswa, Kompasiana, Jakarta

Greenberg Mark T Ph.D., 2009, Manual IPPA, Penn State University State College,

Greenberg, M.T., Siegal, J., & Leitch, C. (1984). The nature and importance of attachment relationships to parents and peers during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 12(5), 373-386.

Greenberg, M., Siegal, J., and Leitch, C. (1984). The nature and importance of attachment relationships to parents and peers during adolescence. J. Youth Adoles. 12(5): 373-386.

Hall, C. S., Lindzey, G., dan Campbell, J. B. (1998). Theories of Personality. (4th ed). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hurlock, Elisabeth B. 1980. Developmental Psychology. Boston : McGraw-Hill

Hartup, W.W. (1989), On Relationship and Development, in W.W. Hartup and Z. Rubin, Relationship and Development, Hildate, N.J.: Erorang tuam

J. M. A. M. Janssen et. Al., 1992, Child Rearing: Influence on Prosocial and Moral Development, Swes & Zeitlinger B. V., Amsterdam

Jeong Hun Kim; (2008).Virtue and Character Strength, Coping and Quality of Live for People with Cronic Illness, and Disability, (Disertation), University

Lestari, M.D., (2006), Adaptasi Alat Ukur Values in Action Inventory Strength pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Cengkareng. Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia Diunduh Tanggal 14 Mei 2011 dari http://lontar.ui.ac.id/file?file=digital/94853- T%2017890a.pdf

Lickona, Thomas, (1992), Educating for Character ; How Our Schools can Teach Respect and Responsibility, Bantam Books, New York

-----------------------, (1994), Raising Good Children; Helping your Child Through the stage of Moral Development, Bantam Books, New York

Linley, P. A., dan Joseph, S. (2004). Positive Psychology in Practice. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Linley, A., et. al. (2007). Character Strengths in The United Kingdom: The VIA Inventory Strengths. Individual Difference 43 (2007) 341-351. Diunduh tanggal 5 September 2010 dari http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/alex.wood/VIA.pdf

Lopez, S.J. (2008). Positive Psychology. Exploring The Best In People. Volume 1,2,3, and 4. Connecticut: Paeger Publisher.

Lopez, S.J. (2009). The Encyclopedia Of Positive Psychology. Volume I. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Lounsbury, J.W. (et. al). (2009). An Investigation of Character Strengths in Relation to the Academic Success of College Students. Individual Differences Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009, pp. 52-59, ISSN: 1541-745X. Diunduh tanggal 9 Mei 2011 dari http://www.sunyrockland.edu/Members/xshi/assignedreading- materials-1/files/an-investigation-of-character-strengths-in-relationto- the-academic-success.pdf

Maccoby, E. E. & Martin, J.A. (1983), Socialization in the Context of Family: Parent Child Interaction. In P.H. Mussen (eds), Handbook of Child Psy (4™ edition) 1-101, Willey, New York

Mason R. Smith; (2010) The Relationship Between Character Strengths and Work Satisfaction, (Disertation), Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology

Mindy Ma , et. al., (2004), The relationship of character strengths to sexual behaviors and related risks among African American adolescents, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Volume: 15 | Issue: 4 | Pps: 319-327

Megawangi, Ratna, (2004), Pendidikan Karakter; Solusi yang Tepat untuk Membangun Bangsa, Indonesian Herritage Foundation, Jakarta

M. Lutfi Chakim, 18 Mei 2012, Menumbuhkan Budaya Jujur Mahasiswa Sebagai Paradigma Baru Pemberantasan Korupsi, detik.com, Jakarta

Muhammad Muhyidin, Agustus 2013, Mahasiswa Tarumanegara Berkelahi Gara-gara Ospek, Tempo.co, Jakarta

Nailil, Amani, 2009, Regulasi Emosi dan Kualitas Persahabatan sebagai Prediktor Kesejahteraan Subjektif pada Remaja Putri di Pondok Pesantren, Tesis, Universitas Gajah Mada

W. Nalini, Maria ; (2006) The Relationship Among Personality Trait, Character Strength, and life Satisfaction in College Student, (Dissertation), University

Park, N. (2004). Character Strengths and Positive Youth Development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 591, Positive Development: Realizing the Potential of Youth, pp. 40-54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4127634 ( 23 November 2010)

Park, N., Peterson, C., dan Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Strengths of Character And Well-Being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp.603-619. Diunduh tanggal 23 Desember 2010 dari http://socialclinical.org/resources/Park%2Bet%2Bal.%2B$282004$29%2Bmodified%2BOctober%2B22.pdf Peterson, C., dan Seligman, M.E.P.

_____, & Peterson, C., (2006), Positive Psychology and Character Strengths:Application to Strengths-Based School Counseling. Professional School Counseling | Volume: 12 | Issue: 2 | Pps: 85-92

____, Peterson, C., dan Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of Character and Well-Being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Vol.23, No. 5, pp. 603-619. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=737635361&sid=3&Fmt=4&clientId=45625&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Peterson, Christopher & Seligman, Martin E. P. (2003)Values In Action (VIA) Classification of Strength, Values in Action Institute 2002, Philadelphia

Seligman, Martin E &. Peterson, Christopher (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification.. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516701-5

Seligman, M. E. P., dan Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. American Psychologist Association Vol. 55, No. 1, pp.5-14

Seligman, M. E. P., Parks, A. C., dan Steen, T. (2004). A Balance Psychology and a Full Life. The Royal Society 359, pp. 1379-1381. http://www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/balancedpsychologyarticle.pdf (29 Juni 2008)

Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., dan Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive Psychotherapy. American Psychologist Association pp. 774-788.

Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., dan Peterson, C. (2005). Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Intervention. American Psychologist Association Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 410-421. http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/images/apaarticle.pdf

Smetana J., Killen M., (2006), Handbook of Moral Development, Lawrence Erlbaum Associate, Publisher Mahwah, New Jersey, London

Steinberg, L. (1993), Adolescence, New York, McGrawa-Hil Inc.

Turiel, 1980, The Development of Social Conventional and Moral Concept, dalam M. Wind Miller, N. Lambert & Turiel (Editor) Moral Development and Socialization, Allyn & Bacon, Boston

William, M.B., (2001), The Company They Keep; Friendship In Childhood and Adolescence, Cambridge University Press.

Willibald Ruch, René T. Proyer, Claudia Harzer, Nansook Park, Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, (2004), Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS), Journal of Individual Differences | Volume: 31 | Issue: 3 | Pps: 138-149v

Santrock, John W. 2007. Adolescence, Eleventh Edition. Boston : McGraw-Hill

Sroufe, L. A. (1978). Attachment and the Roots of Competence. Human Nature 1(I0), 50-57.

Sroufe, L. A. (1979). The Coherence of Individual Development. Amer. Psychol. 34: 834-841.

Sroufe, L. A., and Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an Organizational Construct. Child Develop.48: 1184-1199.

Syafrezani, Sampaguita. 2007. Hubungan Antara Parental Attachment dan Peer Attachment Pada Masa Remaja Awal. Skripsi : Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran (tidak dipublikasikan)

Waters, E., Wippman, J., and Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Attachment, Positive Affect and Competence in the Peer Group: Two studies in construct validation. Child Develop. 50: 821-829

Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in Adult Life. In Parkes, C. M., and Stevenson-Hinde, J. (eds.), The Place of Attachment in Human Behavior. Basic Books, New York

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/jp3i.v7i2.12097