Does Spiritual Leadership Matter for Enhancing Performance of Sharia-Compliant Hotel Employees in Aceh, Indonesia? Spiritual and Economical Motivation as Mediators
Abstract
This study explores the role of spiritual leadership in enhancing the spiritual and economic motivation and the performance of employees of sharia-compliant hotels in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A number of 330 employees of the selected sharia-compliant hotels were selected as the study’s sample using a purposive sampling technique. Utilizing a structural equation modelling technique, the study found the important role of spiritual leadership in enhancing spiritual and economic motivation and employee performance. Additionally, spiritual leadership affected employees’ performance indirectly through motivation. Thus, hotel management could improve employee performance by enhancing spiritual and economic motivation and spiritual leadership.
Keywords
References
Aceh Province Government. (2020). Number of population by religion in Aceh in 2020: Net consolidated data Semester I. Banda Aceh: The government of Aceh Province, 2020. Retrieve fromhttps://ppid.acehprov.go.id/inpub/download/eVFvxuOt.
Adinugraha, H. H., Nasution, I. F. A., Faisal, F., Daulay, M., Harahap, I., Wildan, T., Takhim, M., Riyadi, A., & Purwanto, A. (2021). Halal tourism in Indonesia: An Indonesian Council of Ulama National Sharia Board fatwa perspective. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 665-673. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0665
Aflah, K. N., Suharnomo, S., Mas'ud, F., & Mursid, A. (2021). Islamic work ethics and employee performance: The role of Islamic motivation, affective commitment, and job satisfaction, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 997–1007. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.997.
Al-Hamarneh, A., & Steiner, C. (2004). Islamic tourism: Rethinking the strategies of tourism development in the Arab world after September 11, 2001. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24(1), 173-182. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/181197
Al-Hamarneh, A. (2008). Islamic tourism: A long term strategy of tourist industries in the Arab world after 9/11. Centre for Research on the Arab World. www.ceraw.uni-mainz.de -Accessed on 31 October 2022.
Alsheikh, G. A. A., Abd Halim, M. S. B., Shafeeq, M., Alremawi, A., & Tambi, A. M. B. A. (2017). The mediating role of organizational culture on the relationship between employee performance and antecedents in the hotel sector. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 6, 489-497. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2017.06.49
Atatsi, E. A., Stoffers, J., Kil, A. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(3), 329-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-06-2018-0052
Aziz, H. (2001). The Journey: An Overview of Tourism and Travel in the Arab/Islamic Context. In Harrison, D. (Ed) Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies. New York: CABI Publishing.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6 .1173.
Battour, M. M., Ismail, M. N., & Battor, M. (2010). Toward a halal tourism market. Tourism Analysis, 15(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354210X 12864727453304
Bayighomog, S. W., Araslı, H. (2019). Workplace spirituality–customer engagement nexus: The mediated role of spiritual leadership on customer-oriented boundary-spanning behaviors. Service Industries Journal, 39(7–8), 637–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1570153
Bhatti, O. K., Aslam, U. S., Hassan, A., & Sulaiman, M. (2016). Employee motivation an Islamic perspective. Humanomics, 32(1), 33 – 47. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-10-2015-0066
Demyen, S. (2014). Material motivation vs spiritual motivation in human resource management in the context of economic depression. Analele Universităţii „Eftimie Murgu” Reşiţa. Fascicola II. Studii Economice, 21, 60-65.
Din, K. (1989). Islam and tourism: Patterns, issues and options. Annals of Tourism Research, 16, 542-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(89)90008-X
Directorate of Sharia Ecosystem Infrastructure. (2021). Progress report on regional Muslim friendly tourism 2019-2020. Jakarta: Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (KNEKS).
Egel, E., & Fry, L.W. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for Islamic leadership. Public Integrity, 19(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016. 1200411
Elias, E. M., Othman, S. N., & Yaacob, N. A. (2017). Relationship of spirituality leadership style and SMEs performance in halal supply chain. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 6(2), 166–176. http://ojs.excelingtech.co.uk/index.php/IJSCM/ article/view/1710
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. The International Journal for the psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582 IJPR1001_2
Euromonitor. (2008). Halal Tourism. Euromonitor Archive. http://www.euromonitor. com/Halal_Tourism - Accessed on 31 October 2022.
Fisher, E. A. (2009). Motivation and leadership in social work management: A review of theories and related studies. Administration in Social Work, 33(4), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100902769160
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: A study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14766086.2016.1202130
Gaponenko, T., Muradova, S., & Litvinova, V. (2020). Labor motivation of agricultural workers in the context of modern trends in personnel management. In E3S Web of Conferences, 175, 15003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2020175 15003
Grynko, T., Krupskyi, O., Koshevyi, M., & Maximchuk, O. (2017). Modern concepts of financial and non-financial motivation of Service Industries Staff. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8, 100-1112. https://www.journals.aserspublishing. eu/jarle/article/view/1516
Hafasnuddin, H., Majid, M. S. A., & Chan, S. (2022). Promoting the image of Banda Aceh-Indonesia becomes a popular tsunami-tourism destination city: The moderating roles of cultural and Islamic tourism objects. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 44(4), 1190-1199. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44402-934
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hashim, N. H., Murphy, J., & Hashim, N. M. (2017). Islam and Online Imagery on Malaysian Tourist Destination Websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,12, 1082-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00364.x
Henderson, J. C. (2009). Islamic tourism reviewed. Tourism Recreation Research, 34(2), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2009.11081594
Henderson, J. C. (2010). Sharia-compliant hotels. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(3), 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.3
Herzberg, F. (2011). Work and the Nature of Man. Cleveland: World Publishing Company.
Insan, A. N., & Andriani, Y. N. (2021). Transglobal leadership as a driver for increasing the employee performance. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(1), 54-71.
Iqbal, N., Anwar, S., & Haider, N. Effect of leadership style on employee performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), 1-6. DOI: 10.4172/2223-5833.1000146
Isaac, R. G., Zerbe, W. J., & Pitt, D. C. (2001). Leadership and motivation: The effective application of expectancy theory. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(2), 212-226. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604345
Karim, M. H. A., Ahmad, R., & Zainol, N. A. (2017). Differences in hotel attributes: Islamic hotel and Sharia compliant hotel in Malaysia. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 157-169. http://gbse.com.my/v1no2jan17/ Paper-35-.pdf
Mariyanti, E., & Husin, N. A. (2020). Organizational commitment as mediating the relationship between spiritual leadership on the Sharia hotels performance. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(2), 202-213. DOI:10.14738/assrj.72.7797.
Mariyanti, E., Husin, N. A., & Lenggogeni, S. (2020). Islamic organizational culture and spiritual leadership in supporting sharia hotel performance. Proceedings of Tourism Development Centre International Conference, October, 2020, pp. 192-206. DOI: 10.2478/9788395720406-022
McConnell, C. (2003). The manager's approach to employee performance problems. The Health Care Manager, 22(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1097/ 00126450-200301000-00011
Muafi, M. (2003). Pengaruh motivasi spiritual karyawan terhadap kinerja religius: Studi empiris di kawasan industri Rungkut Surabaya (SIER). Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 1(8), 1-18. https://journal.uii.ac.id/JSB/article/view/1017
Mwita, J. I. (2000). Performance management model: A systems-based approach to public service quality. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 13(1), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550010334461
Nicolescu, O., & Verboncu, I. (2007). Fundamentele managementului organizaţiei. Tribuna Economică.
Presbitero, A., & Teng-Calleja, M. (2017). Employee proactivity in hotels undergoing organizational change and development. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(4), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845. 2017.1266873
Razalli, M. R., Abdul Rahim, M. K. I., & Hassan, M. G. (2019). A framework of halal-based operations for hotel. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14(9), 10522-10527. http://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.10522.10527
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Samori, Z., & Rahman, F. A. (2013). Towards the formation of Shariah compliant hotel in Malaysia: an exploratory study on its opportunities and challenges. In WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 108-124.
Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., Paek, S., & Lee, G. (2018). Motivate to innovate. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 776–796. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2016-0282
Shahzadi, I., Javed, A., Pirzada, S. S., Nasreen, S., Khanam, F. (2014). Impact of employee motivation on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(23), 159-166.
Shofwa, Y. (2013). Pengaruh motivasi spiritual dan kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap kinerja religius dosen dan karyawan STAIN Purwokerto. Probisnis, 6(1), 1-19.
Soemaryani, I. (2018). Model for improving the employee productivity through Islamic leadership and internalization of Islamic work ethic in sharia tourism (Study on sharia hotels in Bandung). Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 19(2), 122-139.
Soniansih, S., & Kusmiati, Y. (2021). Marketing communication and performance of sharia hotels in Indonesia. Tamansiswa Management Journal International, 1(1), 31-33.
Usman, M., Ali, M., Ogbonnaya, C., & Babalola, M. T. (2021). Fueling the intrapreneurial spirit: A closer look at how spiritual leadership motivates employee intrapreneurial behaviors. Tourism Management, 83, 104227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman. 2020.104227
Wahyudi, M. H., Budiyanto., Suwitho., & Fitrio, T. (2022). The role of organizational commitment in mediating the influence of work environment and spiritual motivation on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 12(3), 137-144. DOI: 10.5267/j.msl.2022.2.006
Walumbwa, F. O., Mayer, D. M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K., & Christensen, A. L. (2011). Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204–213. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.002
Wilantari, R. N., & Afriani, I. A. H. (2022). Employee English and Communication Skills in Improving the Performance of Shariah Hotels in Indonesia. Media Trend, 17(1), 222-226.
Wojtaszek, H. (2016). Selected aspects of innovative motivation. World Scientific News, 44, 1-12.
Yagmur, Y., & Aksu, A. (2021). Model to determine the perceived risks of tourists staying at hotels where the halal tourism concept is present: Antalya region example. Enlightening Tourism. A Pathmaking Journal, 11(2), 428-469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33776/et.v11i2.5165
Yang, M., & Fry, L. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2018.1482562
Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323- 342. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.49388995
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
Zlate, S., & Cucui, G. (2015). Motivation and performance in higher education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 468-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.sbspro.2015. 02.146
DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.30910
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
