Correction and Retraction

The journal maintains the permanent integrity of its scholarly archive. When errors or misconduct are identified, actions will be taken in accordance with international publishing standards:

• Correction (Erratum/Corrigendum): Published if minor errors (e.g., calculation errors, missing citations, or author name spelling) are found that do not alter the main conclusions of the article.

• Retraction: Issued if the main findings are invalid, unreplicable, or result from research misconduct (plagiarism, double submission, falsified data). Retracted papers will remain accessible on the website but clearly marked as "RETRACTED" with a formal retraction notice attached.