Why do Asnaf Entrepreneurs Become Successful? The Role of Intention, Opportunity, and Resources
Abstract
Qardhawi's opinion on the 2009 zakah disbursement model related to the empowerment of productive aṣnāf has encouraged the development of productive zakah in poverty alleviation. This study aims to examine the effect of intentions, opportunities, and resources on successful aṣnāf entrepreneurs. The method used is the mono method, namely quantitative research. Data was obtained through a survey using purposive sampling. Primary data were examined using the PLS-SEM method and the SmartPLS application. This study found that the intention and opportunity factors had a positive and significant effect on the success of aṣnāf entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, resources have a negative impact on the success of aṣnāf entrepreneurs. This is evidence that the zakah resources given to aṣnāf entrepreneurs must be optimized so that they can have a significant impact. This finding provides recommendations to zakah management entities and policy makers to be able to increase the contribution of zakah funds in poverty alleviation through the aṣnāf entrepreneurial program.
Abstrak
Pendapat Qardhawi tentang model pencairan zakat tahun 2009 terkait pemberdayaan aṣnāf produktif telah mendorong berkembangnya zakat produktif dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh niat, peluang, dan sumber daya terhadap pengusaha aṣnāf yang sukses. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode mono yaitu penelitian kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui survei dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data primer diperiksa menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dan aplikasi SmartPLS. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor niat dan peluang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan wirausaha aṣnāf. Sementara itu, sumber daya berdampak negatif terhadap keberhasilan pengusaha aṣnāf. Hal ini menjadi bukti bahwa sumber daya zakat yang diberikan kepada pengusaha aṣnāf harus dioptimalkan agar mampu memberikan pengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada entitas pengelola zakat dan pengambil kebijakan agar mampu meningkatkan kontribusi dana zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan melalui program wirausaha aṣnāf.
Keywords
References
Abai, Dayang Shobihah Abang, Mohd Daud Awang, Ahmad Nasir Mohd Yusoff, Arfah Ab. Majid, and Hadi Hamli. 2020a. “Assistant Type of Capital Zakat Distribution and Achievement of Asnaf Entrepreneur in Malaysia: An Empirical Study.” Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5(1):93–99.
Abai, Dayang Shobihah Abang, Mohd Daud Awang, Ahmad Nasir Mohd Yusoff, Arfah Ab. Majid, and Hadi Hamli. 2020b. “Bentuk Bantuan Modal Agihan Zakat Asnaf Dan Pencapaian Usahawan Asnaf Di Malaysia: Kajian Empirikal.” Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 5(1):93–99.
Abdul Rahman, Nurulhasanah, Zulnaidi Yaacob, and Rafisah Mat Radzi. 2014. “Determinants of Successful Financial Management Among Micro Entrepreneur in Malaysia.” Journal of Asian Scientific Research 4(11):631–39.
Ajzen, Icek. 2020. “The Theory of Planned Behavior: Frequently Asked Questions.” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2(4):314–24.
Al-Amin, Haris. 2015. “Pengelolaan Zakat Konsumtif Dan Zakat Produktif (Suatu Kajian Peningkatan Sektor Ekonomi Mikro Dalam Islam).” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (EKONIS).
Anuraga, Gangga, Edy Sulistiyawan, and Siti Munadhiroh. 2017. “Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square Untuk Pemodelan IPKM Jawa Timur.” Pp. 257–63 in Seminar Nasional Matematika dan Aplikasinya.
Ardichvili, Alexander, Richard Cardozo, and Souray Ray. 2003. “A Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development.” Journal of Business Venturing 18(1):105–23.
Balwi, Mohd Abd Wahab Fatoni Mohd, and Adibah Hasanah Abd Halim. 2008. “Mobilisasi Zakat Dalam Pewujudan Usahawan Asnaf: Satu Tinjauan.” Jurnal Syariah 16:567–84.
Baznas. 2020a. National Zakat Statistics 2019. Baznas.
Baznas. 2020b. Statistik Zakat Nasional 2019 (National Zakat Statistics 2019). 2018th ed. Jakarta: Bagian Liaison dan Pelaporan.
Beik, Irfan Syauqi. 2015. “Towards International Standardization of Zakat System.” Fiqh Zakat International Conference 2015 (November):3–17.
Carr, Jon C., and Jennifer M. Sequeira. 2007. “Prior Family Business Exposure as Intergenerational Influence and Entrepreneurial Intent: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach.” Journal of Business Research 60(10):1090–98.
Chang, Yu Yu, and Ming Huei Chen. 2020. Creative Entrepreneurs’ Creativity, Opportunity Recognition, and Career Success: Is Resource Availability a Double-Edged Sword? Vol. 38. Elsevier B.V.
Chin, Wynne W. 1998. “The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modelling. In Marcoulides G. A. (Ed.).” Modern Methods for Business Research 295(2):295–336.
Cohen, Philip R., and Hector J. Levesque. 1990. “Intention Is Choice with Commitment.” Artificial Intelligence 42(2–3):213–61.
Çolakoğlu, Nurdan, and İzlem Gözükara. 2016. “A Comparison Study on Personality Traits Based on the Attitudes of University Students toward Entrepreneurship.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 229:133–40.
Dahalan, Norziani, Mastura Jaafar, and Siti Asma’ Mohd Rosdi. 2013. “Local Community Readiness in Entrepreneurship: Do Gender Differ in Searching Business Opportunity.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 91:403–10.
Das, Malika. 2000. “Women Entrepreneurs from India: Problems, Motivations and Success Factors.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 15(4):67–81.
Dewi, Arfiyah Citra Eka, and Wawan Dhewanto. 2012. “Key Success Factors of Islamic Family Business.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 57:53–60.
Din, Noormariana Mohd, Mohammad Ismail, Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad, Mohd Syakir Mohd Rosdi, and Tengku Mohd Azizudin Tuan Mahmood. 2019. “Asnaf’s Contribution through Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program: Turning Over Model Issues.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 9(9):773–82.
Farikhatusholikhah, Tanti Novianti, and Khalifah Muhamad Ali. 2018. “Implementation of the Zakat Village Index to Support a Zakat Community Development Program in Bedono Village, Demak District.” International Journal of Zakat 3(3):25–38.
Fitri, Maltuf. 2017. “Pengelolaan Zakat Produktif Sebagai Instrumen Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Umat.” Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 8(1):149–73.
Ghozali, Imam, and Hengky Latan. 2015. Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik Dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0. Semarang: Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.
Hair, Joe F., Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt. 2011. “PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet.” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 19(2):139–52.
Halim, Hazlina Abdul, and Jamaliah Said. 2012. “Individual Characteristics of the Successful Asnaf Entrepreneurs : Opportunities and Solutions for Zakat Organization in Malaysia.” International Business and Management 4(2):41–49.
Hashim, Norashidah, Azizah Othman, Armanurah Mohamad, and Muhammad Nasri Md Hussin. 2019. “The Influence of Zakat Support, Motivation, Networking and Training on the Business Performance of Asnaf Entrepreneurs in Kedah.” Test Engineering and Management 81(2849):2849–58.
Hermansyah, Hermansyah, and Dahmiri Dahmiri. 2020. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Berwirausaha Industri Percetakan (Studi Kasus Wirausaha Industri Percetakan Di Kota Jambi).” Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan 8(3):38–44.
Hillman, Amy J., Michael C. Withers, and Brian J. Collins. 2009. “Resource Dependence Theory: A Review.” Journal of Management 35(6):1404–27.
Hmieleski, Keith M., and Andrew C. Corbett. 2006. “Proclivity for Improvisation as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions.” Journal of Small Business Management 44(1):45–63.
Icek, Ajzen. 2019. “The Theory of Planned Behavior Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.” Pp. 179–211 in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Vol. 50. Academic Press. Inc. As.
Ismail, Ahmad Satori, Masdar Farid Mas’udi, Efri Syamsul Bahri, Irsyadul Halim, Mohd. Nasir Tajang, Faisal Qasim, Ahmad Hambali, and Putra Erianton. 2018. Fikih Zakat Kontekstual Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Amil Zakat Nasional.
Jalaludin. 2012. “Pengaruh Zakat, Infaq, Dan Shadaqah Produktif Terhadap Pertumbuhan Usaha Mikro Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Serta Kesejahteraan Mustahiq.” Jurnal Ekonomi Universitas Mataram, 270–77.
Korunka, Christian, Alexander Kessler, Hermann Frank, and Manfred Lueger. 2010. “Personal Characteristics, Resources, and Environment as Predictors of Business Survival.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 83(4):1025–51.
Lee, Leemen, and Chang-Lin Yang. 2013. “Key Success Factors in Female Micro Entrepreneurship-A Study of the Catering Business.” Service Science and Management Research 2(3).
Limsong, Srun, Phou Sambath, Sok Seang, and Soun Hong. 2017. “Model of Entrepreneurial Success: Linking Theory and Practice.” P. 12771 in Academy of Management Proceedings. Vol. 2017.
Mafruhah, Izza, Nurul Istiqomah, Nunung Sri Mulyani, and Dewi Ismoyowati. 2015. “Implementasi Konsep Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan.” Journal & Proceeding Febunsoed 5(1).
Al Mamun, Abdullah, Naresh Kumar, Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim, and Mohd Nor Hakimin Bin Yusoff. 2017. “Validating the Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Economics and Sociology 10(4):51–66.
Marzuki, Nurmaizura, Solehuddin Zulkifli, and Hairunnizam Wahid. 2019. “The Measurement of Asnaf Business Capital Assistance in the Context of Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah: A Study at Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus, Terengganu.” Jurnal Syariah 2(27):201–32.
Masyita, Dian. 2018. “Lessons Learned of Zakat Management from Different Era and Countries.” Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah 10(2):441–56.
Meerangani, Khairul Azhar, and Ummi Khasidah Zaham Azman. 2019. “Keberkesanan Program Pembangunan Ekonomi Asnaf Oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor.” E-Academia Journal 8(2):15–29.
Michl, Theresa, and David B. Audretsch. 2005. “The Nature of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Understanding the Process Using the 4I Organizational Learning Framework.” Pp. 425–49 in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Vol. 29.
Mokthar, Mohamad Zulfakhairi, Mohd Syahmir Alias, Musmuliadi Kamaruding, and Abang Mohd. Razif Abang Muis. 2018. “Impak Niat Terhadap Pekerja Di Institusi Islam Dari Perspektif Tasawur Islam.” Sains Insani 3(1):92–97.
Mostafiz, Md Imtiaz, Murali Sambasivan, and See Kwong Goh. 2019. “Measurement Scale of International Opportunity Identification in Early Internationalization Firms.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 11(2):131–45.
Muhamat, Amirul Afif, Norlida Jaafar, Hardi Emrie Rosly, and Hasman Abdul Manan. 2013. “An Appraisal on the Business Success of Entrepreneurial Asnaf.” Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 11(1):51–63.
Mushtaq, H. Ahmad, C. S. K. Niazi, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, and Kashif-Ur-Rehman. 2012. “Planned Behavior Entrepreneurship and Intention to Create New Venture Among Young Graduates.” SSRN Electronic Journal 6(3):437–56.
Nadzri, Farah Aida Ahmad, Normah Omar, and Rashidah Abdul Rahman. 2018. “Enterprise Governance of Micro Entrepreneurs in Malaysia: Comparison between the Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia and Asnaf’s Economic Development Program.” Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 2018(1):25–40.
Naimah. 2014. “Konsep Hukum Zakat Sebagai Instrumen Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Ummat.” Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 14(1).
Ndofirepi, Takawira Munyaradzi. 2020. “Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Goal Intentions: Psychological Traits as Mediators.” Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 9(1).
Puskas. 2019. Dampak Zakat Terhadap Kesejahteraan Mustahik: Lembaga-Lembaga Program Baznas 2021. Baznas.
Puskas. 2020. Dampak Zakat Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Mustahik Studi Kasus Lembaga-Lembaga Program Baznas. Vol. 53. Baznas.
Rahman, Rosbi Abd, and Sanep Ahmad. 2011. “Entrepreneurship Development Strategy for Poor and Needy Recipients on Capital Assistance through Zakat Distribution.” Jurnal Pengurusan 33:37–44.
Ramadani, Veland, Ramo Palalić, Léo-Paul Dana, Norris Krueger, and Andrea Caputo. 2020. Organizational Mindset of Entrepreneurship: An Overview.
Raudha, Md. Ramli, Ahmad Sanep, Wahid Hairunnizam, and Harun Farra Munna. 2011. “Understanding Asnaf Attitude : Malaysia’s Experience in Quest for an Effective Zakat Distribution Programme.” International Zakat Conference 1–22.
Rosidi, Ayep. 2017. “Niat Menurut Hadis Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Proses Pembelajaran.” Jurnal Inspirasi 1(1):39–50.
Roundy, Philip T., and Mark A. Bayer. 2019. “To Bridge or Buffer? A Resource Dependence Theory of Nascent Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.” Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11(4):550–75.
Rusli, Abubakar Hamzah, and Sofyan Syahnur. 2013. “Analisis Dampak Pemberian Modal Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara.” Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Pascasarjana Universitas Syiah Kuala 1(1):56–63.
Saini, Mukhamat. 2004. “Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Ummat Melalui Zakat Produktif.” Jurnal Lentera 14(2):148–62.
Shabbir, Muhammad Salman, Mohd Noor Mohd Shariff, and Arfan Shahzad. 2016. “A Conceptual Development of Entrepreneurial Skills and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Case of IT Employees in Pakistan.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 6(3).
Shiyuti, Hashim Ahmad, and Syed Musa Al-Habshi. 2018. “An Overview of Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program by Lembaga Zakat Selangor, Malaysia.” in SSRN Electronic Journal.
Short, Jeremy C., David J. Ketchen, Christopher L. Shook, and R. Duane Ireland. 2010. “The Concept of ‘Opportunity’ in Entrepreneurship Research: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges.” Journal of Management 36(1):40–65.
Thompson, Edmund R. 2009. “Individual Entrepreneurial Intent: Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 33(3):669–94.
Tkachev, Alexei, and Lars Kolvereid. 1999. “Self-Employment Intentions among Russian Students.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 11(3):269–80.
Vance, Charles M. 2012. “The Re-Source-Based View of the Firm.” Journal of Management Inquiry 21(1):124.
Wulansari, Sintha dwi, and Achma Hendra Setiawan. 2014. “Analisis Peranan Dana Zakat Produktif Terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Mustahik ( Penerima Zakat ).” Diponegoro Journal of Economics 3(1):1–15.
Zakaria, Faizah Binti, and Azhar Bin Harun. 2019. “Skills and Success of Asnaf Entrepreneurs: Islamic Spiritual Practice as Moderators.” International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB) 4(24):98–108.
DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25142
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
