Indonesian Business Culture and Sharia Compliance: Does Better Pre or Post Merger Policy?

Ainul Fatha Isman, Ahmad Rodhoni, Nur Hidayah, Muhammad Umar, Ahmed Amhamed Ahmed Ibrashen

Abstract


Sharia compliance is an important entity of Islamic banks that needs to be maintained. The Indonesian merger policy can be a benchmark for how much Islamic banking pays attention to the dimensions of Sharia compliance. This study analyses the comparison of Sharia compliance pre-post merger policy of Islamic banks in Indonesia. This quantitative study uses a statistical approach to different tests, namely the nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Data is collected from Islamic banking financial reports pre-merger (2019-2020) and post-merger (2021-2022). The research findings show differences in the Sharia compliance culture in Islamic banks pre-post merger. The Sharia compliance ratio of Islamic banking is better post-merger. This is because the merger makes the Sharia ecosystem more positive, increases religiosity values, and consistently applies existing Sharia standards. The study results have implications for the development of merger studies in Islamic banking, and the implementation of Sharia compliance needs to be continuously improved as a basic barometer of Islamic banking entities in Indonesia. The research limitations are expected to examine the culture of sharia compliance within the framework of strategic policies that need to be implemented by sharia banks.


Keywords


Sharia, Compliance, Indonesian Business Culture, Merger

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbas, M. H., & Ali, H. (2019). An Empirical Study of Shari ’ ah Compliance in Islamic Banks of Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Finance, 8(2), 21–30.

Ahmad, A. U. F., Raashed, R., & Ali, M. M. (2013). How Shari`ah-Compliant is Islamic Banking ? Proceeding of Sharia Economics Conference- Hannover, 2, 101–106.

Ahmed, S., Islam, R., & Mohiuddin, M. (2017). Service Quality, Shariah Compliance and Customer Satisfaction of Islamic Banking Services in Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 4(2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.26414/tujise.2017.4.2.71-82

Alao, R. (2010). Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the Nigerian banking industry: an advocate of three mega banks. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15, 554–563.

Alkhan, A. M., & Hassan, M. K. (2021). Does Islamic microfinance serve maqasid al-shari’a? Borsa Istanbul Review, 21(1), 57–68.

Alotaibi, K. O., & Hariri, M. M. (2020). Shariah-Compliant Investment Funds: How Does Globalization Restricted its Social Roles? The Case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Development and Economic Policies, 22(2), 7–37.

Alshubiri, F., & Ani, M. K. Al. (2023). Financing and returns of Shari ’ ah ‑ compliant contracts and sustainable investing in the Islamic banking of Oman. Economic Change and Restructuring, 0123456789, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09522-8

Amalia, E. (2019). Good Governance for Zakat Institutions in Indonesia: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. PERTANIKA Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(3), 1–16.

Antonio, M. S. (2001). Bank Shari’ah Bagi Banker dan Praktisi Keuangan. Tazkia Institute.

Atahau, R. I., & Rambu, C. A. D. (2020). MERGER BPR BKK GROGOL: SUATU TINJAUAN PROFITABILITAS DAN EFISIENSI. Jurnal Modus, 32(1), 80–94.

Azzahra, K. (2020). The Influence Of Intellectual Capital And Sharia Compliance To The Banking Financial Performance In Indonesia. Journal of Academic Research and Sciences, 5(1), 14–26.

Baer, G., Nelson, B., & Paridon, P. (2022). Financial Stability Considerations for Bank Merger Analysis. In Bank Policy Institute.

Baklouti, I. (2022). Is the Sharia supervisory board a friend or an enemy of Islamic banks? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(2), 526–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2020-0118

Can, G. (2021). Does Sharia compliance affect financial reporting quality? An evidence from Muslim majority countries. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-04-2019-0149

Chapra, M. U., & Ahmed, H. (2002). Corporate Governance in Islamic Financial (Occasional Paper No. 6, Issue 01).

Chotib, A., & Utami, W. (2014). Studi Kinerja PT BNI Syariah Indonesia Sesudah Pemisahan (Spin Off) Dari PT Bank BNI (Persero) Tbk. Universitas Mercu Buana.

Danjuma, A. (2021). Effect Of Merger And Acquisition On The Performance Of Acces. World Journal of Management and Business Studies, 1(4), 211–231.

H, A. A., Sukmadilaga, C., & Nugroho, L. (2021). URGENSITAS, KEADILAN DAN MAQASID SYARIAH PADA MERGER BANK SYARIAH Abd. Human Falah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 8(2), 1–18.

Hadiputra, A. A. (2022). Keputusan Merger Akuisisi dan Financial Distress. Researchgate.Net, 1, 1–12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357714397

Hameed, S., Wirman, A., Alrazi, B., Nazli, M., & Pramono, S. (2004). Alternative Disclosure and Performance Measures for Islamic Banks. Second Conference on Administrative Sciences: Meeting the Challenges of the Globalization Age, 19–21.

Haron, S. (2000). The Philosophy of Islamic Banking”, in Asma Siddiqi (ed), Anthology of Islamic Banking. Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance.

Hasani, M. A., & Muhammad, R. (2022). Determinant of the level of sharia compliance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 4(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.20885/jca.vol4.iss1.art5

Hekmatyar, S., & Parkar, E. (2019). An Evaluation of Dana Gas’s Mudarabah Sukuk From Shariah and Legal Perspective. European Journal of Islamic Finance, 2(4), 1–9.

Hussain, M., & Mubeen, M. (2018). Increasing Trend of Mergers and its Impact on the Bottom Line Evidence from Pakistan ’ s Banking Sector. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 1(3), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1286691

Isman, A. F., & Andi Suwandi Putra, S. (2022). The Practice of Cash Based Waqf In The Indonesian Islamic Banking. LAA MAISYIR : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.24252/lamaisyir.v9i1.23837

Isman, A. F., Kamil, M. A., & Zaenal, M. H. (2023). Is Zakat Fund Management Better Post-Merger Islamic Bank ? 7th INDONESIAN CONFERENCE OF ZAKAT PROCEEDINGS, 50–62.

Isman, A. F., Rusanti, E., & Makatita, A. R. (2023). Development Aspects of Post-Merger Islamic Banks: A Systematic Literature Review. Perbanas Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 3(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.56174/pjieb.v3i2.124

Kaakeh, A., Hassan, M. K., & Van Hemmen Almazor, S. F. (2019). Factors affecting customers’ attitude towards Islamic banking in UAE. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(4), 668–688. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-11-2017-0502

Kaddumi, T., & Al-Rimawi, M. A. (2022). The Impact Of Banking Merger On Jordanian Commercial Banks Efficiency And Profitability. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(6), 8916–8925.

Keuangan, O. J. (2017). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuanga (POJK) nomor 51 tahun 2017 tentang penerapan keuangan berkelanjutan bagi LJK, emiten, dan perusahaan publik.

Khurana, B. (2017). Analysis of Merger of Sbi & Its Associates. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 5(5), 391–393. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.1872

Kobayashi, A., & Bremer, M. (2022). Lessons from mergers and acquisitions of regional banks in Japan: What does the stock market think? Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2022.101202

Lewis, M. K., & Algaoud, L. M. (2001). Islamic Banking. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Lin, Y. (2023). Research on the Synergy Effect of Chinese Internet Enterprise M & A. Paradigm Academic Press Law and Economy, 2(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.56397/LE.2023.01.04

Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., & Wathen, S. A. (2014). Teknik-Teknik Statistika Dalam Bisnis dan Ekonomi (15th ed.). Salemba Empat.

Mansori, S., Safari, M., & Ismail, Z. M. . (2020). An analysis of the religious, social factors and income’s influence on the decision making in Islamic microfinance schemes. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 361–376.

Maslihatin, A., & Riduwan, R. (2020). Analisis Kepatuhan Syariah pada Bank Syariah: Studi Kasus Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah. Jurnal Maps (Manajemen Perbankan Syariah), 4(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.32483/maps.v4i1.47

Masruki, R., Hanefah, M. M., & Dhar, B. K. (2020). Shariah Governance Practices of Malaysian Islamic Banks in the Light of Shariah Compliance. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 13, 91–97.

Moses, E., Che-Ahmad, A., & Abdulmalik, S. O. (2020). Board governance mechanisms and sustainability reporting quality: A theoretical framework. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1771075

Muhammad, R., Annuar, H. A., Taufik, M., Muhammad, R., Annuar, H. A., Taufik, M., Muhammad, R., Annuar, H. A., Taufik, M., & Nugraheni, P. (2021). Cogent Business & Management The influence of the SSB characteristics toward Sharia compliance of Islamic banks The influence of the SSB characteristics toward Sharia compliance of Islamic banks. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1929033

Musah, A., Abdulai, M., & Baffour, H. (2020). The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Bank Performance in Ghana. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 7(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2020.71.36.45

Nahrio, M., Parhyar, A., & Muhammad, N. (2021). Merger and Acquisition Financial Performance Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Banks CASE OF KASB AND BANK ISLAMI. Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities, 5(2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.53575/english7.v5.02(21).81-89

Nidyanti, A., Nidyanti, A., & Siswantoro, D. (2022). Shariah Compliance Level of Islamic Banks in Asia and Its Implications on Financial Performance and Market Share. European Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.13135/2421-2172/6025

Noor, N. S. M., Shafiai, M. H. M., & Ismail, A. G. (2019). The derivation of Shariah Risk in Islamic Finance : A Theoretical Approach. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(5), 663–678. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2017-0112

Nugroho, E. R. (2021). Implementation Of Sharia-Compliance In Islamic Bank Product Innovations. Prophetic Law Review, 3(2), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol3.iss2.art4

Oktafiani, F., Pratama, B. C., Fitriati, A., & Pandansari, T. (2022). Kinerja Sosial Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia: Peran Intellectual Capital, Sharia Compliance, Dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah. Jurnal Akademi Akuntansi, 5(2), 176–195. https://doi.org/10.22219/jaa.v5i2.18626

Olaide, K. M., & Ibraheem Alani AbdulKareem. (2021). Islamic Financing as Mechanism for Socio-Economic Development: A Conceptual Approach. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP), 2(1), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2021.2.1.96

Ongera, F. K., & Ndede, F. (2019). Shariah Banking and Financial Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, 3(VI), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.78

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2019). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No 41-POJK.03-2019 tentang Penggabungan, Peleburan, Pengambilalihan, Integrasi dan Konversi Bank Umum.

Undang-Undang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan, (2023).

Purnamasari, F., Nanda, H. I., Purnamaputra, M. Z., Susanti, M., & Palil, M. R. (2022). Merger In Islamic Banking Sector: A Snap Of Views From Their Customers And Prospective Customers. International Journal of Social Science (IJSS), 2(4), 1839–1846.

Rahmi, M., Azma, N., Obad, F. M., Zaim, M., & Rahman, M. (2020). Perceptions of Islamic banking products: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Business Economics and Environmental Studies, 10(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.13106/jbees.2020.vol10.no3.35

Rivai, V. (2010). Islamic Banking. Bumi Aksara.

Rizka, & Rafii, I. (2022). Juridic Overview Agreement Changes On Sharia Bank Merger. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 2(5), 673–680.

Rosidah, Z. N. (2020). Limitation of Application of Sharia Principles in Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution in Religious Courts Zaidah. Journal of Morality and Legal Culture, 1(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.20961/jmail.17i1.41087

Rulindo, R., & Rifqi, M. (2022). In Search of Sharia-Compliant Resolution Framework For Islamic Banks : The Case of Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 8(2), 280–296.

Sary, A. A. (2017). Analisis Perbedaan Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur Go Public di Indonesia sebelum dan Sesudah Akuisisi. STIE Bank BPD Jateng.

Sharma, A. D., & Garg, P. K. (2022). A Study On Pre And Post-Merger Financial Performance Of Canara Bank. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(12), 92–101.

Suhartanto, D. W. I., Farhani, N. H., Muflih, M., & Setiawan. (2018). Loyalty Intention towards Islamic Bank : The Role of Religiosity , Image , and Trust. International Journal of Economics and Management, 12(1), 137–151.

Suretno, S. (2019). Kepatuhan Syariah Produk Musyarakah di Bank Syariah Indonesia”, , Vol 9, No.1, 2019, 1-24. Indo-Islamika, 9(1), 1–24.

Tripathi, N., & Ahuja, N. (2020). Effect Of Merger On Banking Sector - A Case Study Of SBI. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 6(3), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

Umam, K., & Kimberly, V. B. (2022). Pandecta Analysis of The Merger of PT Bank Syariah Indonesia in Legal and Sharia Perspective. Pandecta Journal, 17(1), 78–91.

Usman, H., Chairy, & Haque, M. G. (2021). The exploration role of Sharia compliancein technology acceptance model for e-banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, x, 1–25.

Warde, I. (2000). Islamic Finance In The Global Economic. Edinburgh University Press.

Woelfel, C. J. (1955). Encyclopedia of Banking and Finance. ,Hill Scholl Education Group newyork.

Yusuf, H., & Sheidu, A. D. (2015). Do Bank Mergers Enhance Profitability? An Assesment of Post-Merger Net Profit Margins in Nigeria. International Journal of Business, Humankities, and Technology, 5, 1–20.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/jii.v14i2.41192 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.